Characteristics and appearance of the normal optic nerve head in 6-year-old children

Samarawickrama, Chameen; Pai, Amy; Tariq, Yasser M.; Healey, Paul R.; Wong, Tien Y.; Mitchell, Paul

doi:10.1136/bjo.2010.197426

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Vitreous humour • Vitreous liquefaction [10][11][12] • Posterior vitreous detachment 10,13,14 12.5% (myopia < −8.25 D) 13 Optic disc • Tilt and rotation [15][16][17][18] • Myopic conus [19][20][21] • Peri-papillary atrophy [19][20][21][22][23] 33.8% (myopia < −8.00 D) 24 Peripheral retina • Lattice degeneration [25][26][27] • White without pressure 26,28 • Peripheral retinal degeneration [25][26][27]29,30 16.9% (myopia < −6.00 D) 26 Choroid/retinal pigment epithelium/sclera/retina…”

Section: Condition Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 A tilted optic disc is one of the most commonly associated features of high myopia and is observed in adults as well as children, with the earliest observed in children as young as six years old. 15 The reported prevalence varies in children and adults, with one study reporting 75 per cent in high myopic adults 83 whereas a second study reported 37 per cent prevalence in moderately myopic children. 77 Visual acuity may not be affected with the presence of optic disc tilt alone.…”

Section: Condition Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…84 While axial elongation may result in optic disc torsion, optic disc torsion can also result from other factors such as asymmetric posterior pole elongation. 17,85 Optic disc rotation was observed in both the emmetropic and myopic eyes of young children (8.7 per cent in children aged six years) 15 but prevalence increased in myopic eyes (47 per cent in highly myopic children, aged ≤ 12 years; 48 per cent of young adults with high myopia). 18 Adult myopic eyes with torted discs were associated with visual field defects and normal-tension glaucoma.…”

Section: Condition Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Posterior segment conditions associated with myopia and high myopia

Jagadeesh

Philip

Fedtke

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Myopia, and especially high myopia, is associated with a number of posterior segment changes that are considered to be mostly a consequence of the increased axial elongation. This can result in mechanical strain, attendant vascular changes, stretching and thinning of tissues, and atrophy/deformation of tissues in later or more advanced stages. Such myopiarelated changes are observed as changes and/or abnormalities in the vitreous, choroid, retina and peripheral retina, sclera and/or optic disc. Although many of these changes are benign, at times they may be associated with significant vision impairment that either requires active intervention or may suggest future progression of the disease. This review systematically addresses the posterior segment conditions seen in myopic eyes, describes the features associated with the condition and details management pathways.

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Section: Condition Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Condition Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Condition Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Posterior segment conditions associated with myopia and high myopia

Jagadeesh

Philip

Fedtke

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…They found similar results to Mansour. In another photographic study, Samarawickrama et al14 documented planimetric measures of normal optic nerve head parameters in a populationbased study of 6-year-old children and reported smaller optic disc sizes. This discrepancy may be due to the different image analysis techniques.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optic Nerve Head Parameters Measured with Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Healthy Turkish Children: Normal Values, Repeatability, and Interocular Symmetry

Kızıloğlu

Toygar

et al. 2017

Neuro-Ophthalmology

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To determine normal values, repeatability, and interocular symmetry of optic nerve head measurements, three spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans were obtained from 128 healthy Turkish children aged 5-17 years consecutively and prospectively. The mean disc area, rim area, cup volume, cup to disc area ratio, and vertical and horizontal cup to disc ratios were 2.30 ± 0.42 mm, 1.84 ± 0.45 mm, 0.09 ± 0.10 mm, 0.20 ± 0.13, 0.37 ± 0.17, and 0.45 ± 0.20, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients were >0.9 for repeatability and >0.75 for interocular correlation. Interocular differences were not statistically significant ( > 0.05). Normal paediatric SD-OCT measurements of the optic nerve head are presented, which showed excellent repeatability and no interocular difference.

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“…[22–25] Some studies investigating disc parameters only used vertical CDR for this reason. [26, 27] Average CDR was defined as the mean of vertical and horizontal CDR in this study. Since average CDR includes horizontal CDR which is not variable in terms of other ocular parameters, this could be the reason why our data only showed significance with vertical CDR, and not with average CDR in some analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of parental factors in children with large cup-to-disc ratios

Shin

2017

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundTo investigate large cup-to-disc ratios (CDR) in children and to determine the relationship between parental CDR and clinical characteristics associated with glaucoma.MethodsTwo hundred thirty six children aged 6 to 12 years with CDR ≥ 0.6 were enrolled in this study. Subjects were classified into two groups based on parental CDR: disc suspect children with disc suspect (CDR ≥0.6) parents and disc suspect children without disc suspect parents. Ocular variables were compared between the two groups.ResultsOf the 236 disc suspect children, 100 (42.4%) had at least one disc suspect parent. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was higher in disc suspect children with disc suspect parents (16.52±2.66 mmHg) than in disc suspect children without disc suspect parents (14.38±2.30 mmHg, p = 0.023). In the group with disc suspect parents, vertical CDR significantly correlated with IOP (R = -0.325, p = 0.001), average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (R = -0.319, p = 0.001), rim area (R = -0.740, p = 0.001), and cup volume (R = 0.499, p = 0.001). However, spherical equivalent (R = 0.333, p = 0.001), AL (R = -0.223, p = 0.009), and disc area (R = 0.325, p = 0.001) significantly correlated with vertical CDR in disc suspect children without disc suspect parents, in contrast to those with disc suspect parents. Larger vertical CDR was associated with the presence of disc suspect parents (p = 0.001), larger disc area (p = 0.001), thinner rim area (p = 0.001), larger average CDR (p = 0.001), and larger cup volume (p = 0.021).Conclusions and relevanceFamily history of large CDR was a significant factor associated with large vertical CDR in children. In children with disc suspect parents, there were significant correlations between IOP and average RNFL thickness and vertical CDR.

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Characteristics and appearance of the normal optic nerve head in 6-year-old children

Abstract: The mean vertical cup/disc ratio was 0.4 in this 6-year-old sample. Planimetric optic nerve head measures and population prevalence findings for optic disc signs in this population could be regarded as normative data for ophthalmologists in clinical settings.

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Posterior segment conditions associated with myopia and high myopia

Posterior segment conditions associated with myopia and high myopia

Optic Nerve Head Parameters Measured with Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Healthy Turkish Children: Normal Values, Repeatability, and Interocular Symmetry

The effect of parental factors in children with large cup-to-disc ratios

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