Characteristic X-Ray Spectrometer Patterns of the Saturated Sodium Soaps

Vold, Robert D.; Grandine, J.P.; Schott, Hans

doi:10.1021/j150493a025

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The closed diamonds represent the d -spacings determined 1 year after the samples had been prepared and stored in closed vials. The microstructures of the soap crystals formed in aqueous systems were reported not to change with time; similar behavior was also observed in H 2 O-rich samples in this study. As indicated in Figure , the β-phase remained stable, and the d -spacings did not change significantly within a year for samples A−C and sample J.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The ability of a material to adopt multiple conformations and/or arrangements in the crystalline state is termed polymorphism. − Soap molecules crystallize and form layered structures. , Polymorphism has been reported in the literature of soaps. − Four crystalline forms of soap, namely alpha-, beta-, omega-, and delta-phases, differentiated mainly by their short spacings, were reviewed by Ferguson in 1944 . Much of the research on soap systems was done in the 1940s and 1950s; yet, limited progress was made in characterizing soap crystals due to the complexity of the systems and the lack of powerful techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Polymorphism has been reported in the literature of soaps. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Four crystalline forms of soap, namely alpha-, beta-, omega-, and delta-phases, differentiated mainly by their short spacings, were reviewed by Ferguson in 1944. 10 Much of the research on soap systems was done in the 1940s and 1950s; yet, limited progress was made in characterizing soap crystals due to the complexity of the systems and the lack of powerful techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solvent Modulated Polymorphism of Sodium Stearate Crystals Studied by X-ray Diffraction, Solid-State NMR, and Cryo-SEM

Liang¹,

Ma²,

Chen³

et al. 2001

J. Phys. Chem. B

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Ternary crystalline dispersions of 10 wt % sodium stearate (NaSt) in mixtures of water and propylene glycol (PG) have been investigated at the atomic, molecular, and microscopic levels. Two lamellar crystalline structures, R-NaSt and β-NaSt, have been determined by X-ray diffraction. Compared with β-NaSt, R-NaSt exhibits a larger bilayer thickness, a more ordered packing of hydrocarbon chains, and dissolves at a lower temperature in the PG/H 2 O mixture. A transformation from β-NaSt to R-NaSt is observed upon aging in a PG concentration range of 60-95 wt % in mixtures of H 2 O and PG. The aging transformation progresses faster and to a greater extent as the PG content increases. Additionally, the fibrous crystallites of R-NaSt are more bundled and oriented compared to those of β-NaSt, as revealed by two-dimensional SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering) and cryo-SEM (cryogenic scanning electron microscopy). The conformation and mobility of the alkane chains in R-NaSt and β-NaSt have been further studied by solid-state 13 C CP MAS (crosspolarization magic-angle spinning) NMR. A greater percentage of trans chain conformation is found in R-NaSt, and the rigidity of the chains is higher. A stronger association of PG with β-NaSt crystals than with R-NaSt crystals is also indicated by the appearance of the PG carbon resonances in the solid-state NMR spectrum.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solvent Modulated Polymorphism of Sodium Stearate Crystals Studied by X-ray Diffraction, Solid-State NMR, and Cryo-SEM

Liang¹,

Ma²,

Chen³

et al. 2001

J. Phys. Chem. B

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“…The samples were sealed in glass spheres adapted to 10 mm NMR spectroscopy tubes to avoid susceptibility corrections to the chemical shifts. [47] Transverse (1/T 2 ) and longitudinal (1/T 1 ) relaxation rates were measured using the inversion recovery [48] and the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequences, [49] respectively.…”

Section: Preparation Of 12 % (W/v) Hsamentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbazole as Linker for Dinuclear Gadolinium‐Based MRI Contrast Agents

et al. 2017

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Ligands able to complex two gadolinium ions have been synthesized and characterized in view of the ability of the complexes to increase the spin relaxation of water protons. All ligands are based on the heptadentate diethylenetriaminetetraacetic acid (DTTA) chelator and carbazole as a rigid linker. Depending on the derivatization on the nitrogen atom of the five‐membered ring, the compounds form small aggregates in aqueous solution, self‐assemble to form micelles or bind to human serum albumin. In all cases, this leads to a marked increase in 1H relaxivity at nuclear Larmor frequencies between 20 and 60 MHz. Water exchange on the gadolinium ions as measured by 17O NMR relaxation is fast enough not to limit relaxivity. 1H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion profiles were also measured and analyzed using Solomon–Bloembergen–Morgan theory including Lipari–Szabo treatment to include internal motion or anisotropic rotation.

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Die infrarotspektroskopische Unterscheidung der verschiedenen Formen von Natriumseifen bei Raumtemperatur

Trzebowski

Langholf

1967

Zeitschrift fuer Chemie

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Characteristic X-Ray Spectrometer Patterns of the Saturated Sodium Soaps

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Solvent Modulated Polymorphism of Sodium Stearate Crystals Studied by X-ray Diffraction, Solid-State NMR, and Cryo-SEM

Solvent Modulated Polymorphism of Sodium Stearate Crystals Studied by X-ray Diffraction, Solid-State NMR, and Cryo-SEM

Carbazole as Linker for Dinuclear Gadolinium‐Based MRI Contrast Agents

Die infrarotspektroskopische Unterscheidung der verschiedenen Formen von Natriumseifen bei Raumtemperatur

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