Characteristic Structures of Different Stilbenes Distinguish the Impact on Ochratoxin A Biosynthesis Intermediate Pathway and Metabolites of Aspergillus carbonarius

Abstract

In this paper, we accurately pinpointed the inhibition sites of ochratoxin A (OTA) synthesis pathway in Aspergillus carbonarius acted by stilbenes from the perspective of oxidative stress and comprehensively explored the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of natural polyphenolic substances and their biochemical properties of antitoxin. To facilitate the application of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for real-time tracking of pathway intermediate metabolite content, the synergistic effect of Cu2+-stilbenes self-assembled carriers was utilized. Cu2+ increased the generation of reactive oxygen species to accumulate mycotoxin content, while stilbenes had the inhibitory effect. The impact of the m-methoxy structure of pterostilbene on A. carbonarius was found to be superior to that of resorcinol and catechol. The m-methoxy structure of pterostilbene acted on the key regulator Yap1, downregulated the expression of antioxidant enzymes, and accurately inhibited the halogenation step of the OTA synthesis pathway, thus accumulating the content of OTA precursors. This provided a theoretical basis for the extensive and efficient application of a wide range of natural polyphenolic substances for postharvest disease control and quality assurance of grape products.

Trends in the Potential of Stilbenes to Improve Plant Stress Tolerance: Insights of Plant Defense Mechanisms in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stressors

“…Resveratrol dimers were found to efficiently and specifically eliminate singlet oxygen at pharmacological concentrations, but they cannot effectively remove hydroxyl free radicals and superoxide anion . Furthermore, it was found that pterostilbene suppressed ochratoxin A (OTA) synthesis better than piceatannol and resveratrol, and the impact of the m -methoxy structure of pterostilbene on Aspergillus carbonarius was superior to that of resorcinol and catechol . Therefore, the structural characteristics of stilbenes in the plant subjected to stress will probably also be an important influence on the ability to demonstrate defense.…”

“…157 Furthermore, it was found that pterostilbene suppressed ochratoxin A (OTA) synthesis better than piceatannol and resveratrol, 158 and the impact of the m-methoxy structure of pterostilbene on Aspergillus carbonarius was superior to that of resorcinol and catechol. 159 Therefore, the structural characteristics of stilbenes in the plant subjected to stress will probably also be an important influence on the ability to demonstrate defense.…”