Characteristic pattern analysis of polybromodiphenyl ethers in Great Lakes sediments: a combination of eigenspace projection and positive matrix factorization analysis

Zou, Yonghong; Christensen, Erik R.; Li, An

doi:10.1002/env.2188

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The prediction accuracy ability with the logit model of Canada, the United Kingdom, and Germany was only 13%. These results are matched with the findings of Zou et al (2013), Lo Duca and Peltonen (2011), Borio and Lowe (2002), Gerdesmeier et al (2010), and Alessi and Detken (2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Financial Stability Index for the Financial Sector of Pakistan

2019

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This study aims to develop a financial stability index for the Pakistani financial sector by using the financial reports for the period of 2001–2011. Specifically, we constructed three different classes of indices in this study based on a variance-equal weighted approach, a linear probability approach, and a logistic approach. We also assessed the prediction accuracy of the financial stability index. All indices indicated that profitability, liquid liability to the liquid asset, non-performing loan, uncovered liabilities, interest spread and inter-fund to liquid liabilities variables contribute significantly to the determination of financial stress of commercial banks. We also compared the results of indices computed with different methodologies—among them was the index constructed by employing coefficients of the logistic model and which performed outstandingly in predicting distressed and non-distressed banks. Moreover, the findings of this study suggest that in regard to return on assets and return on equity, when employed in a stepwise manner for developing the financial stability index, the results are similar in the sense that both profitability indicators have the same behavior. Finally, we conclude that the financial stability indices developed in this study could help decision makers to detect and avoid instability in the future.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Financial Stability Index for the Financial Sector of Pakistan

2019

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“…They estimated that approximately 8% of the mass of PBDEs in the sediments may be the result of in situ environmental transformation or occurring during the transport of BDEs. A similar conclusion was arrived at by Zou et al using the Great Lakes sediment data. Zhu and Hites estimated that approximately 95 tons of BDE‐209 resides in Great Lakes sediments.…”

Section: Implications For Environmental Risk Assessmentssupporting

confidence: 86%

Photochemical and microbial transformation of emerging flame retardants: Cause for concern?

Chen

Hale

Letcher

2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Among anthropogenic chemicals, flame retardants have attracted mounting environmental concerns. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have been conducted worldwide to investigate flame-retardant sources, environmental distribution, wildlife and human exposure, and toxicity. Data generated have demonstrated that some flame-retardant substances such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic to exposed organisms. However, comparatively much less attention has been paid to the mechanisms and products of environmental transformation of flame retardants. This lack of information undermines our understanding of the environmental behavior and fate of flame retardants, as well as the associated risks to environmental and human health. Photochemical and microbial transformation of flame retardants in various matrices and environmental compartments can elevate the toxicological significance of flame retardant exposure, via the formation of, for example, lesser halogenated but more bioaccumulative degradation products and toxic radicals. Such pathways raise concerns related to the environmental safety of some alternative flame retardants that are presumably safe and used to replace PBDEs. To fully assess the environmental risks, more research is needed to investigate the environmental transformation potential of emerging flame retardants including polymeric flame retardants. Enhanced analytical efforts are needed to better characterize transformation products and transient radicals. Additional mesocosm and field studies are needed to elucidate transformation kinetics and consequences under environmentally relevant conditions.

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“…12 Therefore, PMF should be useful to trace the degradation of PBDEs in sediments, even with minor degradation signals. Recently, PMF analysis has been successfully applied to identify and quantify the microbial reductive debromination of PBDEs by analyzing the presence of specific congeners in sediments from Arkansas water bodies, 13 the Great Lakes 14 and San Francisco Bay. 15 These studies show the potential for PBDE degradation in sediments, but no direct evidence of in situ biodegradation processes has yet been presented.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Microbial Degradation of PBDEs in Sediments from an E-Waste Site as Revealed by Positive Matrix Factorization and Compound-Specific Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis

Huang

Zeng

Luo

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In the present study, positive matrix factorization (PMF) and compound-specific isotope analysis were used to investigate the in situ biodegradation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediment cores collected from a pond at an e-waste recycling site in South China. The potential microorganisms relevant to the degradation of PBDEs were also assessed to aid in the understanding of in situ biodegradation. The PMF results suggested that reductive debromination took place in the sediments. The debromination signal (ratio of the concentration of factor 5 (PMF result) to the total PBDE content) was positively correlated with the relative abundance of Dehalococcoidetes at different core depths. The clear 13 C enrichment of five PBDE congeners (BDE 28,47,49, 99, and 153) with increasing core depth indicated that a measurable change in isotope fractionation might have occurred during PBDE biodegradation. The in situ biodegradation was further validated by the widespread detection of mono-BDE congeners (BDE 2, BDE 3) and diphenyl ether in the sediments. This study provides new evidence to enhance our understanding of the in situ biodegradation of PBDEs and suggests that the extensive removal of bromine from PBDEs was mediated by indigenous microorganisms at the e-waste site.

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Characteristic pattern analysis of polybromodiphenyl ethers in Great Lakes sediments: a combination of eigenspace projection and positive matrix factorization analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Financial Stability Index for the Financial Sector of Pakistan

Financial Stability Index for the Financial Sector of Pakistan

Photochemical and microbial transformation of emerging flame retardants: Cause for concern?

In Situ Microbial Degradation of PBDEs in Sediments from an E-Waste Site as Revealed by Positive Matrix Factorization and Compound-Specific Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis

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