Characteristic numbers of granular activated carbon for the elimination of micropollutants from effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants

Benstoem, F.; Pinnekamp, Johannes

doi:10.2166/wst.2017.199

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Previous studies have investigated the sorption characteristics of OMPs into GAC, in order to better predict the breakthrough of OMPs in GAC filtration [6,7]. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) (i.e., surface area, iodine number and aniline number) and the methylene blue number have been used to predict breakthroughs of OMPs [9,11], but they are not suitable markers for predicting the sorption of pharmaceuticals to GAC [9,12]. Mailler [13] studied six of the physical-chemical properties of 26 pharmaceuticals in a large-scale powdered activated carbon (PAC) pilot plant, using real wastewater, and found that the molecular charge of the pharmaceuticals was the most important property influencing adsorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption Characteristics and Removal Efficiency of Organic Micropollutants in Drinking Water Using Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) in Pilot-Scale and Full-Scale Tests

Golovko

Anton

Cascone

et al. 2020

Water

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Granulated active carbon (GAC) is commonly used as a chemical barrier for the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). However, little is known about the impact of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and its long-term performance with regard to OMP removal efficiency. This study examined the performance of two GAC types (Norit 830W and Filtrasorb 400) in the removal of OMPs and DOC from natural lake water, in pilot-scale and full-scale tests run for almost one year. Potential early warning indicators of the exhaustion of GAC sorption capacity were also evaluated. The seven OMPs investigated (carbamazepine, lamotrigine, cetirizine, fexofenadine, oxazepam, fluconazole and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET)) all showed decreasing removal efficiencies after ~20,000 bed volumes (BV) in the pilot-scale Norit 830W and Filtrasorb 400 columns. However, columns with an 18-min empty bed contact time (EBCT) showed better performances than columns with 6-min EBCT. DEET was the OMP adsorbed most weakly. We found that DOC concentrations, methylene blue sorption kinetics, UV and fluorescence did not sufficiently explain the OMP breakthrough in the GAC columns. We concluded that carbamazepine, lamotrigine and fexofenadine can be used as indicators of decreasing GAC adsorption performance, due to their later breakthrough. Based on the results, UV and fluorescence removal could be used for the early detection of declining DOC removal, and online solid-phase extraction (SPE)–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) could be used for the early detection of OMPs in drinking water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption Characteristics and Removal Efficiency of Organic Micropollutants in Drinking Water Using Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) in Pilot-Scale and Full-Scale Tests

Golovko

Anton

Cascone

et al. 2020

Water

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“…Physico-chemical properties and chemical structure of selected contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). A commercial coconut shell-based GAC with high density value (520 ± 30 kg/m 3 ) was used as adsorbent in accordance with Benstoem et al [34]. In that paper, the authors described a high correlation between the high density of GAC sorbents and their capacity to adsorb CECs.…”

Section: Acetaminophen (Act) Nsaidsmentioning

confidence: 93%

WWTP Effluent Quality Improvement for Agricultural Reuse Using an Autonomous Prototype

Ponce-Robles

Masdemont-Hernández²,

Munuera-Pérez³

et al. 2020

Water

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Wastewater reuse presents a promising way to mitigate the risk to global water resources and achieve sustainability in water, especially in agricultural areas in the southeast of Spain, such as the Murcia region. However, the risks related to the presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) or pathogenic microorganisms in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent suggest the need to implement effective and relatively low-cost tertiary treatments. With this aim, a self-sustainable pilot prototype based on three combined modules (disc-filtration, granular activated carbon (GAC) bed adsorption and UV disinfection) assisted by solar panels was installed as an alternative tertiary treatment in a conventional WWTP in the Murcia region. The obtained results clearly confirmed the efficiency of the proposed prototype for CECs removal, and showed optimal results at a workflow of 500 L/h. In all cases, high removal efficiency was obtained for the different indicator microorganisms described in the recently published Regulation (EU) 2020/741 (E. coli, F-specific coliphages, somatic coliphages, total coliphages, and Clostridium perfringens). The protection of the activated carbon by disc-filters and the energy autonomy and self-operation of the prototype resulted in an efficient and economically viable methodology for its implementation in both conventional WWTPs and in isolated areas attached to crops.

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“…Entries associated with lower SUVA and DOC values, in other words, DOM with more hydrophilic nature at a relatively low level of concentration would be susceptible to negative effect by increasing BET on BV10 prediction. This provides explanation as to why in single-solute isotherm experiments (Wu et al, 2005;Kearns et al, 2014) positive correlation between BET and MP removal was observed while in isotherm and column experiments with co-adsorbing DOM Benstoem and Pinnekamp, 2017), such correlation was absent. The presence of DOM adds complexity to the adsorption system and thus result in interactions between different parameters of the system, one of which is the combined interaction effect by SUVA and DOC (Figure 4d).…”

Section: Effect Of Carbon Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Machine Learning Models to Predict Early Breakthrough of Recalcitrant Organic Micropollutants in Granular Activated Carbon Treatment of Water

Koyama¹

2021

Preprint

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Granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption is frequently considered to control recalcitrant organic micropollutants (MPs) in both drinking water and wastewater. To predict full-scale GAC adsorber performance, bench- and/or pilot- scale studies are widely used. These studies have generated a wealth of MP breakthrough curves. The overarching aim of this research was to develop machine learning (ML) models from these data to predict MP breakthrough from adsorbent, adsorbate, and background water matrix properties. These models provide a simple and fast tool to predict GAC performance. To develop information for model calibration, MP breakthrough curves were collected from the peer-reviewed literature, research reports, and engineering reports. These data sets, which included results from rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) and pilot/full-scale adsorbers, were analyzed to determine the bed volumes of water that could be treated until MP breakthrough reached ten percent of the influent MP concentration (BV10). The data set encompassed 43 MPs (including neutral and ionizable organic compounds), 3 GAC types by base material (18 unique GAC products), and 38 water matrices, including groundwater, surface water, and treated wastewater. Approximately 400 data sets were split into training, validation, and test sets. Seventeen candidate features, such as MP properties (Abraham parameters), background water matrix characteristics, and GAC properties, were explored in ML models to predict log-10-transformed BV10 (logBV10). BV10 values obtained from the resulting predictive model were highly correlated with experimentally determined BV10 values (coefficient of determination ~0.89 for logBV10 prediction), and the most effective model predicted BV10 with an absolute mean error of ~ 0.11 log units. Key drivers influencing BV10 prediction included the MP’s partitioning coefficient between air and hexadecane (Abraham parameter L); dissolved organic matter concentration in background water matrix; and the adsorbent’s point of zero charge (pzc). The model can be used to estimate GAC bed life and select effective GACs for the removal of MPs such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a wide range of water types.

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Characteristic numbers of granular activated carbon for the elimination of micropollutants from effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Sorption Characteristics and Removal Efficiency of Organic Micropollutants in Drinking Water Using Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) in Pilot-Scale and Full-Scale Tests

Sorption Characteristics and Removal Efficiency of Organic Micropollutants in Drinking Water Using Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) in Pilot-Scale and Full-Scale Tests

WWTP Effluent Quality Improvement for Agricultural Reuse Using an Autonomous Prototype

Machine Learning Models to Predict Early Breakthrough of Recalcitrant Organic Micropollutants in Granular Activated Carbon Treatment of Water

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