Characteristic Morphology of U.S. Spodosols

Rourke, R. V.; Brasher, B. R.; Yeck, R. D.; Miller, F. T.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200020026x

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Ž . thermic to frigid Rourke et al, 1988. Rourke et al 1988 found that the morphology of warm Spodosols differs from that of cold Spodosols.…”

Section: Paleospodosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleosol classification: Problems and solutions

Nettleton¹,

Olson²,

Wysocki³

2000

CATENA

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Paleosols are soils that formed on landscapes of the geologic past. Three kinds exist -buried, exhumed, and relict. To help reconstruct paleoenvironments and for ease of comparison, we suggest a property-based classification system linked to genetic processes. We use enduring properties because alteration of paleosols following burial is common. Morphological properties such as horizonation, soil fabric, root and worm casts, and redoximorphic features are resistant to alteration and thus are valuable as criteria. Field-observable and micromorphological properties, degree of weathering, and proportion of resistant minerals are also useful as criteria for paleosol orders. Total chemical analysis provides a proxy measure for base saturation and clay mineralogy. We use proxy criteria to help classify paleosols that have changed markedly or have been lithified during or after burial. To an earlier version of the system, we add two new orders and include buried, relict, lithified, and exhumed units at the suborder level. Our system clearly separates paleosol taxon names from those of all ground soils. We use the prescript paleo-at the order level, and kryptic to designate the buried, enduric to designate the relict, lithic to designate the lithified, and emergent to designate the exhumed paleosol suborders. We use prescript modifiers to describe the physical characteristics of the paleosols and postscripts for parent material origin and the extensiveness of the paleosol landscape. We present data and classify a number of paleosols as examples of the system. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

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“…Ž . thermic to frigid Rourke et al, 1988. Rourke et al 1988 found that the morphology of warm Spodosols differs from that of cold Spodosols.…”

Section: Paleospodosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleosol classification: Problems and solutions

Nettleton¹,

Olson²,

Wysocki³

2000

CATENA

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“…Le solum des podzols présente une succession verticale d'horizons nettement différenciés qui inclut des horizons organiques de surface (L, F, H, O) offrant un gradient de niveau de décomposition de la MO et une faible intégration de la MO à la matière minérale, un horizon minéral éluvial gris blanchâtre (Ae, Ahe), parfois mince ou absent, appauvri en minéraux facilement altérables (amphiboles, plagioclases) et en éléments solubles [calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnésium (Mg), potassium ( L'épaisseur des horizons varie considérablement en fonction du régime thermique des sols (Rourke et al, 1988). Dans les podzols des milieux chauds [température moyenne annuelle du sol (TMAS) > 15…”

Section: Les Propriétés Des Podzolsunclassified

“…À l'opposé, la couleur brun-rouge des horizons B reflète l'abondance des complexes organo-métalliques et du Fe inorganique couvrant les grains et les agrégats. Ces unités structurales sont généralement faiblement dévelop-pées, parfois même absentes, dans la majorité des horizons des podzols (Rourke et al, 1988). L'horizon B contient parfois des agrégats de forme granulaire ou polyédrique subangulaire, des concrétions ou une structure massive confé-rée par la présence de matériaux cimentés (Sanborn et Lavkulich, 1989a).…”

Section: Les Propriétés Des Podzolsunclassified

La genèse des podzols

Courchesne¹,

Hendershot²

2007

gpq

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RÉSUMÉLes podzols sont des sols acides de milieux forestiers caractérisés par l'accumulation de fer (Fe) et d'aluminium (Al) dans l'horizon B (horizon B podzolique). Ils couvrent de vastes étendues des zones boréales et tempérées humides et sont associés à des substrats à texture grossière. La connaissance des mécanismes responsables de la formation des podzols est essentielle à la compréhension, la modélisation et la gestion des écosystèmes forestiers, agricoles et aquatiques et à la prévision de leurs réactions face à des changements des conditions environnementales. Quatre théories majeures, ou modèles conceptuels, ont été proposées afin de représenter la genèse des podzols : la théorie des fulvates (Stobbe et Wright, 1959; McKeague et al., 1978), la théorie de la proto-imogolite (Farmer et al., 1980; Anderson et al., 1982), la théorie des compartiments chimiques (Ugolini et Dahlgren, 1987) et la théorie des polymères d'AI (Browne, 1995). Celles-ci ont mis en relief le rôle de certains processus tels que la création et le transport de complexes organo-métalliques, la synthèse de la proto-imogolite et la néoformation d'imogolite, l'altération des minéraux par l'acide carbonique (H2CO3) ainsi que la formation de complexes polymériques dissouts de type Al-silice (Si). L'importance accordée à chacun de ces processus varie toutefois en fonction de la nature des milieux prospectés lors de la définition d'une théorie particulière. L'absence d'une théorie globale et intégrée de la genèse des podzols est aussi liée à la compréhension incomplète de la dynamique des podzols, à l'omission de certains processus importants et à l'apparente opposition entre les théories.

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“…Spodosols usually form in areas having a combination of humid climatic conditions, coarse-textured parent material (sand, loamy sand, sandy loam), under acidic, needleleaf vegetation (pines, hemlock, mixed forest) that can supply mobile and sesquioxide-mobilizing organic compounds Whiteside, 1963a, 1963b;Rourke et al, 1988;Buol et al, 1997).…”

Section: Soil Landscape Setting and Spodosol Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Podzolization is the dominant pedogenic process in the development of Spodosols Whiteside, 1963a, 1963b;Rourke et al, 1988;Buol et al, 1997). Consequently, Spodosols are primarily sandy and coarse loamy soils that typically have a horizon or horizons of organic accumulation at or near the ground surface (O and/or A), overlying a leached, usually light gray, eluvial (E) horizon, above a darker, sesquioxide and humus-rich (Bs, Bhs, Bh) horizon, overlying relatively unaltered parent materials (C).…”

Section: Soil Landscape Setting and Spodosol Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The soil-artifact context model: A geoarchaeological approach to paleoshoreline site dating in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA

Anderton

1999

Geoarchaeology

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Archaeological investigations in the central Upper Peninsula of Michigan have revealed numerous sites associated with Mid‐ and Late‐Holocene paleoshorelines of the ancestral Great Lakes. The sites typically contain stone flakes and fire‐cracked rock, with no preserved floral or faunal material and rarely any diagnostic artifacts or dateable carbon. Because of the association with dated shorelines, many workers have assumed the sites are Archaic occupations (ca. 5000–2000 B.P.). However, the actual ages of the sites is often unclear, as later Woodland cultures (2000–500 B.P.) may have also used the abandoned shorelines. Based on expected pedological and archaeological characteristics, a soil‐artifact context model was used at eight paleoshoreline sites to provide a preliminary means of relative dating. Sites that were correlative with shoreline development (i.e., Archaic) have artifacts that are deeper within the soil profile, soil horizon boundaries that cut across midden concentrations, and some artifacts that are iron‐stained from Spodic horizon development. In contrast, sites that are not correlative with the time of shoreline development (i.e., Woodland) have artifacts that are at or very near the ground surface and archaeological features, if present, will cut across soil horizons, and artifacts tend not to be iron‐stained. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Characteristic Morphology of U.S. Spodosols

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Paleosol classification: Problems and solutions

Paleosol classification: Problems and solutions

La genèse des podzols

The soil-artifact context model: A geoarchaeological approach to paleoshoreline site dating in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA

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