Characteristic Mode Formulations for Penetrable Objects Based on Separation of Dissipation Power and Use of Single Surface Integral Equation

Guo, Xing-Yue; Lian, Renzun; Zhang, H. L.; Chan, Chi Hou; Xia, Mingyao

doi:10.1109/tap.2020.3026890

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Figure 8 shows the maximum of the inverse of the diagonal dominance for the 10 first modes as a function of the imaginary part of the relative permittivity ε ′′ r and symmetry parameter d. We observe that the diagonal dominance depends also on the geometry. For a cube, as d = 1, the inner product matrix is more diagonally dominant than for a brick, agreeing with the results presented in [9] and [14].…”

Section: F Diagonal Dominance Of the Matricessupporting

confidence: 88%

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Orthogonality Properties of Characteristic Modes for Lossy Structures

Kuosmanen

Ylä‐Oijala

Holopainen

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Orthogonality of the characteristic modes with respect to the weight operator of the generalized eigenvalue equation, and in the far field, is investigated in the case of lossy conducting and dielectric objects. Linking the weight operator to radiated power is shown to provide orthogonal far fields in the lossless case. In the lossy case, both the orthogonality of the characteristic far fields and the weight operator orthogonality of the modal currents are satisfied with respect to the Hermitian inner products only for sufficiently symmetric geometries, such as a sphere. For irregular lossy shapes, independently of the symmetry of the formulation, the far-field orthogonality can be obtained only with respect to the symmetric (non-Hermitian) product. The weight operator orthogonality can be satisfied with (complex) symmetric formulations, but again only with respect to the symmetric product. Since the symmetric products are not related to any physical power quantity, the modes do not form a (radiated) power orthogonal set in the lossy case. Hence, for lossy structures CMs do not satisfy their classical definition and they need to be redefined.

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Section: F Diagonal Dominance Of the Matricessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…For sufficiently symmetric objects, such as a sphere (the results are not shown here, but this is obvious since the CMs match with the spherical modes) the CMs satisfy both the operator and the far-field orthogonalities. Numerical results of previous studies propose that this result holds also for a cube [9], [14].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Orthogonality Properties of Characteristic Modes for Lossy Structures

Kuosmanen

Ylä‐Oijala

Holopainen

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…It was discretized by using 1164 RWG basis functions. This DR has been used by many authors [7]- [14], [16] for lossless case The MS of the first 129 modes solved by using the GEE (A) is shown in Fig. 3 (a), and many spurious modes are observed.…”

Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for the choice (ii) that gives orthogonal far field pattern, it seems that the spurious mode issue has well been solved. The key point consists in ensuring the active power operator related to the internal medium not being contained in the right-hand sides of the GEEs [10], [14]- [16]. Eliminating one of the electric or magnetic current is preferable but not essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variant Characteristic Mode Equations Using Different Power Operators for Material Bodies

2021

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This paper is concerned with the electromagnetic theory of characteristic modes for general homogeneous material bodies using surface integral equations (SIEs), which are computationally more efficient than using volume integral equations (VIEs). However, the generalized eigenvalue equations (GEEs) based on SIEs are prone to generate spurious or extra modes, unlike their counterparts based on VIEs. In this work, several variant SIE-based GEEs are proposed to eliminate the spurious/extra modes and improve the numerical performances. These variant GEEs share a common point that the reactive power operator related to the material domain should be removed from the left-hand sides of GEEs by explicitly enforcing the boundary condition, because it seems sensitive to incur unwanted modes. These variant GEEs are diverse in choosing the active power operator related to the material domain on the right-hand sides to suit different medium parameters, which even can be dropped directly for lossless cases. Numerical results show that these variant GEEs do not generate spurious/extra resonant modes in observed frequency range, and at least one of the variants would have acceptable numerical accuracy.INDEX TERMS Characteristic modes, material bodies, power operators, spurious modes.

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Characteristic Mode Analysis for Thin Dielectric Sheets with Alternative Surface Integral Equation

Jia

Ding

et al. 2022

Chinese J of Electronics

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When the dielectric sheet is electrically thin in the normal direction, the conventional volume integral equation (VIE) can be approximately simplified to the surface one. On this basis, a novel surface integral equation-based formulation is presented for analyzing characteristic mode (CM) of thin dielectric sheets. The resultant CMs are expressed with tangential and normal components of electric volume currents, which are more intuitive than the conventional VIE-based one. Due to the application of volume equivalence principle, the proposed formulation is immune to non-physical modes. The CMs of typical thin dielectric bodies, including the dielectric substrate and radome, are analyzed to show that the proposed formulation is computationally efficient with encouraging accuracy.

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Characteristic Mode Formulations for Penetrable Objects Based on Separation of Dissipation Power and Use of Single Surface Integral Equation

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Orthogonality Properties of Characteristic Modes for Lossy Structures

Orthogonality Properties of Characteristic Modes for Lossy Structures

Variant Characteristic Mode Equations Using Different Power Operators for Material Bodies

Characteristic Mode Analysis for Thin Dielectric Sheets with Alternative Surface Integral Equation

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