Characteristic and susceptibility to enterocins of enterococci in pheasants possessing virulence factor genes

Abstract

With an increasing number of pheasants as gamebirds being reared each year, these species are becoming a more prominent part of the workload of many veterinary practices. Only limited information can be found concerning the microflora of common pheasants. A significant part of the obligate microflora consists of lactic acid bacteria, including enterococci. In this study, faeces were sampled from 60 pheasants aged 16-17 weeks. Enterococcal counts reached 5.48±1.9 (log10) CFU/g. Strains (17) were taxonomically classified to the genus Enterococcus using the Maldi-Tof identification system; they were allotted to the species E. hirae (58.8%), E. faecium (23.5%) and E. faecalis (17.7%) by highly probable species identification or by secure genus identification/probable species identication. Species allocation was also confirmed using conventional biochemical tests. Most strains formed β-hemolysis. Gelatinase active phenotype was found in three E. faecalis strains. Enterococci were β-glucuronidase negative, mostly trypsin negative with slight or moderate production of α-chymotrypsin. EH52b and EF42 strains possessed the highest potential for pathogenicity. Average value of lactic acid was 1.78±0.33 mmo/L. Most strains were tetracycline resistant (82.4%). Polyresistant E. faecalis strains with positive gelatinase phenotype and possessing virulence factor genes confirmed using PCR (gelE, efaAfs, ccf cob, cpd) were sensitive to enterocins (activity 1600-25 600 AU/mL).

Enterococci from pannon white rabbits: detection, identification, biofilm and screening for virulence factors

“…The total counts of enterococci isolated from Pannon White rabbits were at the same level as those found in farm rabbits in Slovakia (Simonová et al, 2005. Moreover, the faecal enterococcal counts detected from Pannon White rabbits are similar to those also enumerated in other animals such as pheasants, ostriches, dogs and horses (Kandričáková et al, 2015;Lauková et al, 2008Lauková et al, , 2016Kubašová et al, 2017) or in ruminants (Lauková et al, 1990). However, it is interesting that Simonová et al (2005) evaluated 50% of strains as E. faecium, followed by 19% E. faecalis strains; while in our study involving Pannon White rabbits the representatives of the species E. faecalis dominated.…”

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Virulence Genes in Enterococcus spp. Isolated From Clinical Samples of Milad Hospital of Tehran, Iran

“…Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is established as a significant nosocomial pathogen since it was first reported 20 years ago. VRE are one of the most important nosocomial pathogens worldwide; they are also one of the most troublesome pathogens in hospitals in the United States and are increasing in European health institutions (6,8,9). In addition, the prevalence of VRE among clinical Enterococcus isolates is increasing rapidly (9).…”

“…VRE are one of the most important nosocomial pathogens worldwide; they are also one of the most troublesome pathogens in hospitals in the United States and are increasing in European health institutions (6,8,9). In addition, the prevalence of VRE among clinical Enterococcus isolates is increasing rapidly (9). Colonization with VRE can lead to serious diseases such as uri-nary tract infections, bacteremia and endocarditis which many of them such as VRE sepsis can be fatal (9)(10)(11).…”

“…In addition, the prevalence of VRE among clinical Enterococcus isolates is increasing rapidly (9). Colonization with VRE can lead to serious diseases such as uri-nary tract infections, bacteremia and endocarditis which many of them such as VRE sepsis can be fatal (9)(10)(11). VRE have prolonged survival on hands, gloves, and environmental surfaces which consequently can be transmitted to the patients (12).…”

Enterococci Isolated from Trout in the Bukovec Water Reservoir and Čierny Váh River in Slovakia and Their Safety Aspect

“…In this study, enterococci were detected with high identification score. E. faecium or E. faecalis are usually the most frequently detected enterococcal species either in the GIT or in the faeces of animals [31, 32]. E. mundtii , E. durans , or E. thailandicus are rarely isolated from animals' GIT.…”