Characteristic and Application of Anionic Dimeric Surfactants: A Review

Abstract

Anionic dimeric surfactants have attracted much interest compared to the conventional monomeric surfactants. These surfactants have low critical micellar concentrations and an excellent ability in reducing the surface tension of water than conventional surfactants. Therewith, they also show better solubilizing and foaming properties, and a magnificent mildness to the skin. These special features may make them potentially attractive in several applications, for example, laundry detergents, cosmetics and personal care. This article describes the micellization and mixed micellization properties, performance properties, application and biodegradability of anionic dimeric surfactants.

L-Rhamnose and Phenolic Esters-Based Monocatenar and Bolaform Amphiphiles: Eco-Compatible Synthesis and Determination of Their Antioxidant, Eliciting and Cytotoxic Properties

“…The formation of the rhamnosides was confirmed by IR (bands at 2926 cm −1 and 1640 cm −1 , respectively, for the CH 3 group of the rhamnose and the terminal alkene function on the unsaturated alcohols) and 1 H NMR, with a shift at 1.25 ppm relative to the CH 3 in the C6 position of rhamnose and signals between 4.52-4.72 ppm and 3.17-3.58 ppm for all the protons of rhamnose and at 4.98 ppm and 5.80 ppm for the terminal alkene function. The Molecules 2023, 28, 5154 5 of 32 13 C NMR also confirmed the formation of rhamnosides with a terminal insaturation at 115.2 ppm and 139.2 ppm. In order to obtain bolaform compounds from these monocatenars, a cross-metathesis reaction (Scheme 2) was performed from rhamnosides using two types of Grubbs catalyst (Grubbs I and Grubbs II).…”

“…The coupling constants (J) are expressed in Hertz (Hz). The chemical shifts (in ppm) for the 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra were referenced to residual protic solvent peaks. Elemental analyses (C, H and N) were carried out on a PerkinElmer 2400 C, H and N element analyzer.…”

“…The IR spectra of the liquid and solid compounds were recorded on a Bruker Alpha-T FTIR (Wissembourg, France) spectrometer at room temperature. The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra were recorded at room temperature with a Bruker AC 500 spectrometer (Wissembourg, France) (500 MHz for 1 H, 62.5 MHz for 13…”

“…The malleability of their structure and the diversity of their properties allow them to be used in many products, particularly in household and industrial detergents, cosmetic formulations and as plant defense inducers [8][9][10][11]. Anionic surfactants (low molecular weight cation associated with sulphates, sulfonates or carboxylates) are the most widely used industrially, particularly in the field of detergents, thanks to their foaming properties [12][13][14][15][16]; cationic surfactants (trimethylated quaternary ammonium salts or pyridinium salts) [17][18][19] are active products in softeners (used to reduce static electricity) or shampoos. Surfactants can also be classified into several categories according to their structure (number and arrangement of hydrophilic and hydrophobic poles within the molecule).…”

Impact of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate Concentration on the Stability of the Crude Oil–Mineral Water Interfacial Film: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study

“…Surfactants, as an industrial additive, are widely applied in petrochemical, mining, medical treatment, food processing, and other industrial fields due to their unique interfacial properties. − Due to their performance in reducing oil–water interfacial tension, alternating wettability, solubilizing crude oil, and changing the interfacial rheology, they can release the crude oil trapped and adhered in the porous medium of the rock, thus enhancing oil recovery (EOR). − Especially, in response to the emergence of the tertiary oil recovery process in recent years, a growing number of surfactants have been screened, designed, or improved to become efficient chemical flooding agents, such as those applied in alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding. − At present, anionic surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), are the most widely used surfactants in the tertiary oil recovery process, which have an amphiphilic molecular structure. When present in oil–water systems, they are bound to be adsorbed and arranged at the oil–water interface to form an interfacial film .…”