Characteristic analysis of layered PMSEs measured with different elevation angles at VHF based on an experimental case

Abstract

The strongest echoes occur at off-vertical elevation angle when there is layered PMSEs. q Anisotropic scattering theory maybe dominates the layered PMSEs.

Exploring the occurrence rate of PMSE-Es by Digisonde at Tromsø

“…Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) are abnormally strong radar echoes from altitudes of 80–90 km during local summer near the mesopause (Ecklund and Balsley, 1981). Since the first observation of PMSE, scientists have carried out comprehensive research and gained many insights and achievements at a variety of frequency bands ranging from MF/HF (Medium Frequency/High Frequency) (Karashtin et al, 1997; Ogawa et al, 2002, 2003, 2011, 2013; Hosokawa et al, 2004, 2005) to VHF and UHF bands (Cho et al, 1992; Li HL et al, 2010; Liu EX et al, 2012; Li and Rapp, 2013; Mann et al, 2016; Mahmoudian et al, 2018; Rauf et al, 2018, 2019; Ge SC et al, 2020, 2021). In recent years, new experiments were carried out based on in‐situ observations, ground‐based observations, numerical simulations, and theoretical considerations, revealing some possible scientific explanations for the generation of PMSE.…”