Characterising the time-course of microvascular vasodilator responses in humans using laser doppler fluximetry and iontophoresis

Klonizakis, Markos; Lingam, K.; Manning, Gillian; Donnelly, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2010.07.001

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In agreement to the literature and our previous work [36], where it was noted that neither age or exercise affect significantly the time to reach maximum perfusion, no statistically-significant differences were observed either between groups (e.g. 211.4 ± 87.…”

Section: Tmaxsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…LDF responses to Ach and SNP were measured using an incremental-dose iontophoresis protocol [36] following the achievement of a stable recording of baseline flux. In brief, the protocol incorporated the following incremental charge-stimuli: 25 A applied for 10 s (i.e.250 Cb), 50 A for 10 s (500 Cb), 100 A for 10 s (1000 Cb) and 100 A for 20 s (2000 Cb), with a 4-min recording period between each dose.…”

Section: Assessment Of Cutaneous Microvascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In brief, the protocol incorporated the following incremental charge-stimuli: 25 A applied for 10 s (i.e.250 Cb), 50 A for 10 s (500 Cb), 100 A for 10 s (1000 Cb) and 100 A for 20 s (2000 Cb), with a 4-min recording period between each dose. The protocol choice was made so that: a) effective ACh and SNP delivery was provided and b) the non-specific vasodilation observed with higher electrical charges is largely avoided, while at the same time, satisfactory reproducibility is achieved [36,37].…”

Section: Assessment Of Cutaneous Microvascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of exercise training and Mediterranean diet on vascular risk reduction in post-menopausal women

Alkhatib

Klonizakis

2014

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation

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This study tested the potential risk-reduction benefits of Mediterranean Diet (MD) and regular exercise training on microvascular activity and cardiorespiratory capacity in postmenopausal women. Fifteen sedentary postmenopausal participants (age = 54.6 ± 3.6) were randomised into either exercise training or exercise combined with following MD for eight-weeks, and were assessed for their cardiorespiratory capacity, and upper-and lower-limb endothelial cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) test using Laser Doppler Fluximetry (LDF), coupled with measuring endothelium-dependent Acetylcholine Chloride (Ach) and -dependent Sodium Nitropurruside (SNP) vasodilators. Exercise training improved cardiorespiratory capacity as indicated by ventilatory threshold (11.5 ± 2.1 vs. 14.0 ± 3.0 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 , p < 0.05) and improved the microcirculatory perfusion results of CVC for both vasodilators Ach (p < 0.001, d = 0.65) and SNP (p = 0.003, d = 0.53) in the lower-limb and ACh (p = 0.01, d = 0.41) and SNP (p = 0.03, d = 0.48) in the upper-limb, all (p < 0.05). However, combining exercise with MD showed a stronger improvement in Ach (p = 0.02, d = 0.36) of the lower limb, than in exercise alone group. The results suggest that regular moderate exercise improves microcirculatory vascular function and increases exercise tolerance, both are responsible for reducing cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. However, combining MD with exercise suggests additional microvascular vasodialiatory improvement, suggesting an effective strategy for further cardiovascular risk-reduction in this high-risk group.

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Section: Tmaxsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Assessment Of Cutaneous Microvascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Cutaneous Microvascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of exercise training and Mediterranean diet on vascular risk reduction in post-menopausal women

Alkhatib

Klonizakis

2014

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation

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“…In agreement with the literature [26], where it was noted that neither age nor exercise affect significantly the time to reach maximum perfusion, no statistically-significant differences where observed either between the MD and the exercise group (e.g. …”

Section: T Maxsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…T max (time to reach maximum perfusion) was also measured according to the literature [26]. T max (time to reach maximum perfusion) was also measured according to the literature [26].…”

Section: Data Recording and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean diet- and exercise-induced improvement in age-dependent vascular activity

et al. 2013

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The aging effect on microvascular integrity, marked by endothelial dysfunction and reduction in exercise tolerance, is a major cause of CVD (cardiovascular disease). Improved dietary habits, known to reduce morbidity and mortality, are also known to attenuate those aging effects. The present study investigated the effects of combined MD (Mediterranean diet) and exercise intervention on lower- and upper-limb cutaneous microvascular functions in an older healthy population. A total of 22 sedentary healthy participants (age, 55±4 years) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance test, and were assessed for their upper- and lower-limb vascular endothelial CVC (cutaneous vascular conductance) using LDF (laser Doppler fluximetry) with endothelium-dependent [ACh (acetylcholine chloride)] and -independent [SNP (sodium nitroprusside)] vasodilation. Participants were then randomized into two groups: MD and non-MD, and followed an 8-week intervention programme, which included discontinuous treadmill running based on each individual's exertion, twice per week. Exercise training improved CVC in both groups (e.g. 0.42±0.19 compared with 1.50±1.05 and 0.47±0.26 compared with 1.15±0.59 at 1000 μCb for MD and non-MD respectively; P<0.001). This was also combined by improvement in the exercise tolerance indicated by increased VT (ventilatory threshold) in both groups [12.2±2.8 compared with 14.8±2.8 ml·(kg of body weight)(-1)·min(-1) and 11.7±2.7 compared with 14.6±3.2 ml·(kg of body weight)(-1)·min(-1) for MD and non-MD groups respectively; P<0.05]. However, the MD group showed greater improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation than non-MD [ANCOVA (analyses of co-variance), P=0.02]. The results of the present study suggest that compliance with MD, combined with regular moderate exercise, improves age-provoked microcirculatory endothelial dysfunction and increases exercise tolerance, both responsible for reducing cardiovascular risk in this age group.

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Long-term effects of an exercise and Mediterranean diet intervention in the vascular function of an older, healthy population

Klonizakis

Alkhatib

Middleton

2014

Microvascular Research

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Background: Preserving endothelial function and microvascular integrity is suggested to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. It was recently shown that the age-dependent decline in endothelial and microvascular integrity may be reversed when combining exercise with Mediterraneandiet (MD) in an 8-week intervention.Thepresent study investigates whether the risk-reduction improvement in microcirculatory and cardiorespiratory functions are sustained in this age-group after a 1-year follow-up.\ud Design and methods: Twenty sedentary healthy participants (age, 55 ± 4 years) from the original study underwent cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance test and were assessed for their upper- and lower-limb vascular endothelial cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) using laser Doppler ﬂuximetry (LDF) with endothelium- dependent [ACh (acetylcholinechloride)] andendothelium-independent [SNP (sodium nitroprusside)] vasodila- tion, 1 year after completing the intervention.\ud Results: Both MD and exercise groups appeared to have an improved microvascular responses, in comparison to baseline as far as ACh is concerned. Exploring the interactions between the time point and the original group, however, revealed a stronger improvement in the MD group in comparison to the exercise group, for ACh (p = 0.04, d = 0.41). In the upper body, the time point and group interaction for ACh, indicated a better im- provement for MD, without however statistical signiﬁcance (p = 0.07, d = 0.24). Additionally, cardiorespiratory improvement in ventilatory threshold was maintained, 1 year after (12.2 ± 3.0 vs. 13.2 ± 3.2 ml ∙kg− 1 ∙ min− 1, p b 0.05).\ud Conclusions: The original improvements from an 8-week exercise and MD intervention were still evident, partic- ularly inthe microcirculatory and cardiorespiratory assessments, 1 year after theinitial study.This suggests that a brief intervention combining MD with exercise in this high-risk group promises long-term health beneﬁts

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Characterising the time-course of microvascular vasodilator responses in humans using laser doppler fluximetry and iontophoresis

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of exercise training and Mediterranean diet on vascular risk reduction in post-menopausal women

Effects of exercise training and Mediterranean diet on vascular risk reduction in post-menopausal women

Mediterranean diet- and exercise-induced improvement in age-dependent vascular activity

Long-term effects of an exercise and Mediterranean diet intervention in the vascular function of an older, healthy population

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