“… 26 Interventions targeting race, culture, language, and socioeconomic status successfully enhanced HBV prevention, care, and treatment, 26 with key themes including knowledge, education, diagnosis, screening, clinical engagement, treatment, upstream prevention, and vaccination found across the studies. 26 The health and life expectancy of First Nations peoples in Australia have been adversely affected by the social, cultural, and commercial determinants of health. 27 In our study context, the social determinants of health, including remoteness, systemic racism, colonisation, overcrowded housing, comorbidities, limited healthcare access, and poverty, all heighten vulnerability to HBV transmission and increase the potential for adverse CHB outcomes.…”