Characterising components of liquid crystal displays to facilitate disassembly

Ryan, Anna; Donoghue, Laura; Lewis, Huw J.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.01.009

Cited by 53 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Figure 11 illustrates an exploded view of the general design of an LCD monitor (A1-A4) and LCD module (B1-B4). The design is compact, and the components are stacked in a sandwich construction and held together by a metal frame (Ryan et al, 2011). To gain access to the mercury lamps, the entire monitor and module needs to be disassembled.…”

Section: End-of-life Process Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design for automatic end‐of‐life processes

Sundin

Elo

Lee

2012

Assembly Automation

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Structured AbstractPurpose: This paper aims to explore how manufacturers can develop automatic end-of-life processes facilitated by product design methods, e.g. design for disassembly, recycling and remanufacturing. Another aim is to illustrate this kind of product and end-of-life process development while maintaining economic and environmental values. Here, the cases of toner cartridges and liquid crystal displays are the focus.Design/methodology/approach: The research methodology for this paper began with a literature study within the fields of design for automatic recycling and remanufacturing. It also includes the research performed at two different industrial companies using automation in their end-of-life processes. These companies were visited and interviewed several times in order to understand their processes and what current problems they have in automation and product design. Findings:Design implications on the end-of-life have been explored, and in particular, three general product trends are in conflict with automatic disassembly; 1) Products are getting more complex and more heterogeneous, 2) Products are getting sleeker and 3) Products are using more proprietary joints. In addition, the three industrial cases describe different problems in industry and how they can be tackled. Although many manufacturers have adapted the design principles of DFM and DFE, there is still much to improve when it comes to designing for the product's end-of-life processes. These kinds of adaptions should increase in importance over time as more and more products and components are remanufactured and/or material recycled. These kinds of adaptions will also encourage an increase of products passing through more resource efficient end-of-life options. Practical implications:Manufacturers reading what design problems other companies are experiencing and what solutions can be found would facilitate their own businesses and willingness to start their own and/or improve their existing manufacturing business. This could then be in shape developing products for end-of-life processes which also would encourage them to start their own end-of-life process facilities.Social Implications: From a societal perspective, an increase in remanufactured products being placed on the market can increase the awareness and confidence of the consumers in non-new products made from nonvirgin materials. This will increase the market for second-life products and bring about economics of scale, which in turn will alleviate the problem of depletion of resources.Originality/value: Most previous research in this area treats the different end-of-life processes separately; material recycling and product remanufacturing are but two examples. However, in this paper the focus is more on the overall view of end-of-life processes, along with examples of more specific and detailed end-of-life processes such as disassembly and cleaning.

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Section: End-of-life Process Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design for automatic end‐of‐life processes

Sundin

Elo

Lee

2012

Assembly Automation

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“…Therefore, a huge number of LCDs will face an end-of-life process. In [3] the authors presented the issue of end-of-life process of LCDs and the amount of the number of sales of LCDs in comparison to other products like CRT, OLED. Millions of tonnes of e-waste in the United States are being discarded into landfills, about 1.36 -1.72 million metric tonnes, of which 0.34 million went to recycling [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re (Cell) LCD: A Feasibility Study On Recycling Cell Phone LCDS

Alotaibi¹,

Beaschler²,

Rathod³

et al. 2017

IJERA

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Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) are used in a magnitude of devices and have now become the norm in products that require a screen, such as, cell phones, computers, televisions, tablets, and more. However, many of these technologies are becoming outdated leading towards the issue of exponential growth of waste with a lack of technology set in place for proper recycling. Most of research literatures on LCD recycling are of electronic products and e-waste in general rather than cell phones in particular. Few studies on recycling of cell phone LCD have been accomplished. Since everyday around 300,000 mobile phones are sent to trash in United States alone, the recycling of LCD of cell phones is still a challenge for recyclers. In this paper four main topics will be discussed: Establishing need of recycling of LCD due to its environmental impacts, increasing number of LCD usage with time, current EoL (End of Life) process and challenges associated with it in terms of environment, economy and social aspects. By our findings, we are aiming to examine the sustainable feasibility of recycling LCD of cell phones comparing with other LCD products. Our approach for obtaining data for LCD of cell phones is to simulate details from other LCD products (LCD Monitor, LCD PC, LCD TV) such as main elements, recovery of substances, energy required to produce, etc.Finally, we will conclude with the observations with important considerations for a holistic approach to make LCD recycling of cell phones feasible. The results aim to enable recyclers to add confidence in LCD recycling of cell phones and also for researchers to extend this work with innovative ways and cost-effective approach in future.

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“…No processo de desmantelamento, os televisores de telas de cristal líquido são desmantelados de trás para frente pela retirada de parafusos e travas seguida da retirada das camadas fixadas por eles 16 .…”

Section: Triagem Desmontagem E Pré-processamentounclassified

“…Ao realizar esse procedimento, é constatado que embora as posições de alguns componentes (parafusos, cabos etc) mudem até mesmo entre telas de mesma marca, a estrutura interna é basicamente a mesma 16,17 .…”

Section: Triagem Desmontagem E Pré-processamentounclassified

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Estudo da extração de índio a partir de telas de cristal líquido (LCD).

Hashimoto¹

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Over the past few years, the access increase to new technologies by the Brazilian costumers have intensified the concern about LCDs waste including environmental and economic issues. The liquid crystal displays are used in televisions, calculators, mobile phones, computers (laptops and tablets), videogames and among other electronics equipment. The advance in this field has become these devices obsolete ever faster, increasing the volume of the LCDs wastes to be disposed in landfills which contribute to the reduction of its lifetime. In this context, the LCDs from the LED-LCD televisions have turned an important wasted electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) source. By this way, the aim of this work is the physic and chemistry characterization of the liquid crystal displays from LED LCD televisions displays end the study of a hydrometallurgical route to recovery the indium. For both, were used treatment of ores technics and physics and chemistry analysis (particle size separation, loss on ignition, stereoscopic microscopy, TGA, FRX, FT-IR) to material characterization and indium quantification, before and after the hydrometallurgical route. The leaching process was realized in stand reactors using three leaching agents (nitric, sulfuric and hydrochloric acid), three temperatures (25ºC, 40ºC e 60ºC) and four times (0,5h; 1h; 2h e 4h). It was establish that the liquid crystal display represents about 20% of the total mass of the LCD televisions displays and that is composed for approximately, in mass, for 11% in polymers and 90% in glass + liquid crystal. It was found too that have six polymeric layers in liquid crystal screens, where: one set with 3 polymers compound the analyzer and the polarizer, wherein the polymer of the first end the third layers of the each set are cellulose triacetate and matches 64% of the polymers mass of the screen. The second layer polymer is polyvinyl alcohol and represents 36% of the polymers mass. The top results of the leaching process was obtained with the sulfuric acid in 60°C for 4h and 1/5 solid-liquid relation. In this conditions, the indium extraction from LCD screen was about 61%.

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Characterising components of liquid crystal displays to facilitate disassembly

Cited by 53 publications

References 6 publications

Design for automatic end‐of‐life processes

Design for automatic end‐of‐life processes

Re (Cell) LCD: A Feasibility Study On Recycling Cell Phone LCDS

Estudo da extração de índio a partir de telas de cristal líquido (LCD).

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