Characterisation of urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein 1: Potential biomarker for patients with overactive bladder

Abstract

Objective: To investigate urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) as a potential marker for idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB). This is a quantitative measurement of urinary MCP-1 to establish baseline normal values that could help in future index studies. Normalised urinary MCP-1 levels are measured in female patients with OAB and aged-matched controls. Severity of OAB symptoms is correlated to normalised urinary MCP-1 levels. Patients and methods: Urinary MCP-1 levels were measured in 29 female patients with OAB and 10 normal female controls. The patients with OAB were either newly diagnosed or off any OAB oral therapy for at least 2 weeks. OAB symptoms were assessed using validated OAB questionnaires. Urinary MCP-1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and normalised by urinary creatinine (Cr) levels. Results: The baseline urinary MCP-1 levels in female patients with OAB were significantly higher than those of the controls, at a mean of 210.25 vs 48.02 pg/mg Cr (P < 0.001). Patients who had severe OAB bother symptoms had higher levels of urinary MCP-1 (r = 0.03), also patients with OAB-wet had higher levels of urinary MCP-1, at a mean (SEM) of 209.25 (30.5) vs OAB-dry 185.25 (10) pg/mg Cr (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Urinary MCP-1 levels were higher in female patients with idiopathic OAB. The close association of urinary MCP-1 and OAB bother severity symptoms and OAB-wet suggest that inflammation plays a major role in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the sensitisation of bladder afferent nerves. Establishing urinary MCP-1 levels in patients with OAB hopefully will help future studies to confirm the correlation as a baseline and changes with treatments.

Genetic variants and expression changes in urgency urinary incontinence: A systematic review

“…Inflammatory responses and UUI appeared to be associated: serum CRP levels were significantly elevated in UUI patients in all three studies included, 31,33,45 and also levels of other inflammatory markers (interleukins, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and MCP‐1) 27,32,45,47 were elevated. The finding that urinary CRP was not elevated in UUI patients 31 implies that the elevated serum CRP levels do not originate from the bladder epithelium, but are possibly a reflection of submucosal inflammatory responses.…”

“…Two studies examining urinary 47 or serum 45 levels of interleukin‐1B, ‐6, and ‐8 showed increased levels in the serum of UUI patients but no significant differences in the urine. Finally, in three studies urinary 27,32 and serum 45 levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) were investigated, showing a trend toward elevated levels in UUI patients compared with controls but a statistically significant difference was achieved in only one study 32 …”

“…36 Two studies examining urinary 47 or serum 45 levels of interleukin-1B, -6, and -8 showed increased levels in the serum of UUI patients but no significant differences in the urine. Finally, in three studies urinary 27,32 and serum 45 levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were…”

“…In the overall risk of bias judgment with the ROBINS-I tool, 6 studies scored high, 29,31,34,37,39,42 18 mediumhigh, 15,[23][24][25]27,28,33,35,36,38,40,41,[43][44][45][46]48,50 and 9 mediumlow 14,[16][17][18]26,30,32,47,49 (Figure 2). Human studies scored poor on the topics of confounding, bias in the measurement of outcomes, and reporting of deviations between study groups.…”

Potential Role of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Monitoring Disease Progression and Response to Treatment in Overactive Bladder Patients

“…In this follow-up of our original pilot study [ 17 ], we used the Quantikine human MCP-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a validated MCP-1 assay modality for multiple human matrices, to analyze urinary MCP-1 levels in OAB patients before and after treatment as well as in healthy controls. Our objectives were to confirm the elevation of urinary MCP-1 levels in pretreatment OAB patients in comparison to posttreatment OAB patients and controls, to correlate MCP-1 levels with OAB symptom severity, and to evaluate urinary MCP-1 with respect to the treatment modality and response to treatment.…”