Characterisation of two enteroviruses isolated from Australian brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand

Zheng, Tao

doi:10.1007/s00705-006-0838-4

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The 27 clusters corresponding to the recognized species include already classified viruses and some accommodate also recently discovered viruses, including simian enteroviruses joining Human enterovirus A and B (HEV-A and HEV-B, respectively) (53,54), Saffold virus grouping with Theilovirus (6,8,32,46), possum enterovirus joining Bovine enterovirus (82), and porcine kobuvirus being classified with Bovine kobuvirus (62) ( Table 1). With the exception of Theilovirus, the host range of these species was expanded as a result of this virus update.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Genetics-Based Virus Taxonomy: Comparative Analysis of a Genetics-Based Classification and the Taxonomy of Picornaviruses

Lauber

Gorbalenya

2012

J Virol

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bVirus taxonomy has received little attention from the research community despite its broad relevance. In an accompanying paper (C. Lauber and A. E. Gorbalenya, J. Virol. 86:3890 -3904, 2012), we have introduced a quantitative approach to hierarchically classify viruses of a family using pairwise evolutionary distances (PEDs) as a measure of genetic divergence. When applied to the six most conserved proteins of the Picornaviridae, it clustered 1,234 genome sequences in groups at three hierarchical levels (to which we refer as the "GENETIC classification"). In this study, we compare the GENETIC classification with the expert-based picornavirus taxonomy and outline differences in the underlying frameworks regarding the relation of virus groups and genetic diversity that represent, respectively, the structure and content of a classification. To facilitate the analysis, we introduce two novel diagrams. The first connects the genetic diversity of taxa to both the PED distribution and the phylogeny of picornaviruses. The second depicts a classification and the accommodated genetic diversity in a standardized manner. Generally, we found striking agreement between the two classifications on species and genus taxa. A few disagreements concern the species Human rhinovirus A and Human rhinovirus C and the genus Aphthovirus, which were split in the GENETIC classification. Furthermore, we propose a new supergenus level and universal, level-specific PED thresholds, not reached yet by many taxa. Since the species threshold is approached mostly by taxa with large sampling sizes and those infecting multiple hosts, it may represent an upper limit on divergence, beyond which homologous recombination in the six most conserved genes between two picornaviruses might not give viable progeny. R esearch in virology relies on virus taxonomy for providing a unified intellectual and practical framework for analysis, generalization, and knowledge dissemination. Despite its broad relevance, taxonomy has received relatively little attention from the research community. Virus taxonomy is developed under the direction of the Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and recognizes five hierarchically arranged ranks: order, family, subfamily, genus, and species (in ascending order of intervirus similarity), with order and subfamily levels being used less commonly. Virus species are of principal importance (60), and for their demarcation the so-called polythetic species concept (3, 74) is applied. Accordingly, viruses are recognized as single species if they share a broad range of characteristics while constituting a replicating lineage that occupies a particular ecological niche (36, 75). These characteristics, so-called demarcation criteria, are devised for each genus separately and are revised periodically (16,35). To ensure that each virus is classified, they are allowed to vary greatly between and even within families, with no single unifying property being sought after (for a review, see reference 76). Consequently, virus species are operatio...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Genetics-Based Virus Taxonomy: Comparative Analysis of a Genetics-Based Classification and the Taxonomy of Picornaviruses

Lauber

Gorbalenya

2012

J Virol

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“…No suitable candidates for development as possuminfective agents were isolated from possums in Australia, but adenovirus, herpesvirus, coronavirus-like virus, papillomavirus, enterovirus and an indigenous type D retrovirus isolates were recorded from possums in New Zealand (Rice & Wilks 1996;Perrott et al 2000b;Baillie & Wilkins 2001;Zheng 2007). Additionally, a novel possum-infective agent was identified to cause wobbly possum disease (WPD), a disease recorded in both captivity and the wild in New Zealand (Mackintosh et al 1995;Perrott et al 2000a).…”

Section: Species-specific Infectious Agents As Transmissible Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possum enteroviruses were isolated by cell culture from intestinal contents of healthy possums in New Zealand (Zheng 2007). The viruses replicated well in vitro in the laboratory, and belong to a group of positive singlestranded RNA viruses, with a genome of approximately 7.4 ) 10 3 base pairs (Zheng 2007).…”

Section: Species-specific Infectious Agents As Transmissible Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viruses replicated well in vitro in the laboratory, and belong to a group of positive singlestranded RNA viruses, with a genome of approximately 7.4 ) 10 3 base pairs (Zheng 2007). Possum enterovirus has been shown to establish infection in experimentally challenged possums, the majority of the inoculated animals mounting a detectable antibody response (Zheng & Chiang 2007) with no apparent associated illness.…”

Section: Species-specific Infectious Agents As Transmissible Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Could recombinant technology facilitate the realisation of a fertility-control vaccine for possums?

Cross

Zheng

Duckworth

et al. 2011

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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While lethal control remains the primary tool for possum control in New Zealand, there has been substantial research effort over the last decade into controlling possum populations by reducing the animals' breeding potential. In particular, the potential of immunological control to reduce fertility has been investigated, whereby the possums' immune system is induced to react against its reproductive system, in order to block or destroy key components of the reproductive process. Two of the most targeted key components have been the blocking of circulating hormones (e.g. gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) and the inhibition of functional egg surface proteins (e.g. zona pellucida). While some success has been achieved for each approach, three main obstacles remain to the development of a working fertility-control vaccine for possums: first, ensuring that the vaccine remains efficacious in oral-delivery formulation; second, ensuring sufficient levels of fertility reduction; and third, ensuring that the induced immune response is sustained for a duration sufficient for long-term suppression of reproduction. The use of a genetically modified recombinant organism (parasite, bacterium or virus) to deliver a fertility-control vaccine could satisfy these requirements. A strong precedent for this approach has been set already in wildlife biology, namely the oral rabies vaccine, which is based on a recombinant vaccinia virus and which has been used successfully for the last 25 years as a disease-eliminating vaccine in mesocarnivores in Europe and North America. This review outlines the different forms and examples of recombinant organisms with potential for engineering into recombinant fertilitycontrol vaccines to reduce possum reproduction; non-transmissible agents or fully-transmissible vectors are discussed, with shortcomings and benefits outlined for each.

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“…However, there is multiple evidence of enterovirus transfer between other distantly related host species. For example, enterovirus F (formerly bovine enterovirus 2) was detected in possums (Zheng, 2007), and an enterovirus E (formerly bovine enterovirus 1) isolate was found in a dolphin (Nollens et al, 2009) and in non-human primates (Oberste et al, 2013). Moreover, such cross-species transfer may produce viruses that are recombinants of distinct enterovirus species (Boros et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Epizootic of vesicular disease in pigs caused by coxsackievirus B4 in the Soviet Union in 1975

Shustova

Strizhakova

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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Swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) emerged around 1960 from a human enterovirus ancestor, coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5), and caused a series of epizootics in Europe and Asia. We characterized a coxsackievirus B4 strain that caused an epizootic involving 24 488 pigs in the Soviet Union in 1975. Phylogenetic evidence suggested that the swine virus emerged from a human ancestor between 1945 and 1975, almost simultaneously with the transfer of CVB5.

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Characterisation of two enteroviruses isolated from Australian brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Toward Genetics-Based Virus Taxonomy: Comparative Analysis of a Genetics-Based Classification and the Taxonomy of Picornaviruses

Toward Genetics-Based Virus Taxonomy: Comparative Analysis of a Genetics-Based Classification and the Taxonomy of Picornaviruses

Could recombinant technology facilitate the realisation of a fertility-control vaccine for possums?

Epizootic of vesicular disease in pigs caused by coxsackievirus B4 in the Soviet Union in 1975

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