Characterisation of the feeding behaviour of western flower thrips in terms of electrical penetration graph (EPG) waveforms

Kindt, F.; Joosten, N.N.; Peters, D.; Tjallingii, W.F.

doi:10.1016/s0022-1910(02)00255-x

Cited by 82 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…After wiring, thrips were allowed to walk on a solid surface and starved for 1 h to allow them to recover and acclimate to the wire. Some EPG waveforms that we recorded were similar to those previously characterized and correlated with specific thrips feeding behaviors (20,23). Waveforms that were not already described were correlated with behaviors using simultaneous recordings of high-magnification video images of feeding thrips and EPG recordings as previously described (36).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…When the thrips does not have its stylets inserted into the plant, the voltage level in the EPG recording is near zero and is referred to as baseline, or non-probing. As soon as the thrips inserts its stylets in the plant, the EPG registers a sharp voltage increase (waveform P) (20,23). All probing behaviors begin with waveform P and end with a sharp voltage decrease back to baseline.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Some feeding behaviors, such as movement of fluids, can be inferred from movement of the salivary and cibarial pump muscles, visible under the translucent exoskeleton of the mouthcone and head, respectively (21)(22)(23). Movement of the cibarial muscles is indicative of ingestion, whereas movement of the salivary pump muscles is indicative of salivation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection with a plant virus modifies vector feeding behavior

Stafford

Walker²,

Ullman³

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

282

236

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Vector infection by some animal-infecting parasites results in altered feeding that enhances transmission. Modification of vector behavior is of broad adaptive significance, as parasite fitness relies on passage to a new host, and vector feeding is nearly always essential for transmission. Although several plant viruses infect their insect vectors, we have shown that vector infection by a plant virus alters feeding behavior. Here we show that infection with Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), type member of the only plant-infecting genus in the Bunyaviridae, alters the feeding behavior of its thrips vector, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Male thrips infected with TSWV fed more than uninfected males, with the frequency of all feeding behaviors increasing by up to threefold, thus increasing the probability of virus inoculation. Importantly, infected males made almost three times more noningestion probes (probes in which they salivate, but leave cells largely undamaged) compared with uninfected males. A functional cell is requisite for TSWV infection and cell-to-cell movement; thus, this behavior is most likely to establish virus infection. Some animalinfecting members of the Bunyaviridae (La Crosse virus and Rift Valley fever virus) also cause increased biting rates in infected vectors. Concomitantly, these data support the hypothesis that capacity to modify vector feeding behavior is a conserved trait among plant-and animal-infecting members of the Bunyaviridae that evolved as a mechanism to enhance virus transmission. Our results underscore the evolutionary importance of vector behavioral modification to diverse parasites with host ranges spanning both plant and animal kingdoms. virus evolution | Tospovirus | virus-vector interactions

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection with a plant virus modifies vector feeding behavior

Stafford

Walker²,

Ullman³

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

282

236

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“…Thrips are cell-content-feeding insects that penetrate single cells with a stylet to suck out the contents (Kindt et al 2003). JA plays an important role in defense against cell-content-feeding herbivores.…”

Section: Arabidopsis Pathogens and Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This virus-free population was reared on Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Prelude pods, supplied with Pinus pollen, in glass jars that were placed at 25ºC in a growth chamber with a 16-h day and 8-h night cycle as described (Kindt et al 2003). Thrips infestations were performed by transferring 20 larvae of F. occidentalis to each Arabidopsis Col-0 plant.…”

Section: Insect Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Signature and Transcriptome Changes of Arabidopsis During Pathogen and Insect Attack

Vos¹,

Oosten²,

Poecke³

et al. 2005

MPMI

884

875

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Plant defenses against pathogens and insects are regulated differentially by cross-communicating signaling pathways in which salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) play key roles. To understand how plants integrate pathogen-and insect-induced signals into specific defense responses, we monitored the dynamics of SA, JA, and ET signaling in Arabidopsis after attack by a set of microbial pathogens and herbivorous insects with different modes of attack. Arabidopsis plants were exposed to a pathogenic leaf bacterium (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato), a pathogenic leaf fungus (Alternaria brassicicola), tissuechewing caterpillars (Pieris rapae), cell-content-feeding thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), or phloem-feeding aphids (Myzus persicae). Monitoring the signal signature in each plant-attacker combination showed that the kinetics of SA, JA, and ET production varies greatly in both quantity and timing. Analysis of global gene expression profiles demonstrated that the signal signature characteristic of each Arabidopsis-attacker combination is orchestrated into a surprisingly complex set of transcriptional alterations in which, in all cases, stress-related genes are overrepresented. Comparison of the transcript profiles revealed that consistent changes induced by pathogens and insects with very different modes of attack can show considerable overlap. Of all consistent changes induced by A. brassicicola, Pieris rapae, and F. occidentalis, more than 50% also were induced consistently by P. syringae. Notably, although these four attackers all stimulated JA biosynthesis, the majority of the changes in JA-responsive gene expression were attacker specific. All together, our study shows that SA, JA, and ET play a primary role in the orchestration of the plant's defense response, but other regulatory mechanisms, such as pathway cross-talk or additional attacker-induced signals, eventually shape the highly complex attacker-specific defense response.

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