Characterisation of the dynamic nature of lipids throughout the lifespan of genetically identical female and male Daphnia magna

Abstract

Lipids play a significant role in regulation of health and disease. To enhance our understanding of the role of lipids in regulation of lifespan and healthspan additional studies are required. Here, UHpLc-MS/ MS lipidomics was used to measure dynamic changes in lipid composition as a function of age and gender in genetically identical male and female Daphnia magna with different average lifespans. We demonstrate statistically significant age-related changes in triglycerides (TG), diglycerides (DG), phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, ceramide and sphingomyelin lipid groups, for example, in males, 17.04% of TG lipid species decline with age whilst 37.86% increase in relative intensity with age. In females, 23.16% decrease and 25.31% increase in relative intensity with age. Most interestingly, the rate and direction of change can differ between genetically identical female and male Daphnia magna, which could be the cause and/or the consequence of the different average lifespans between the two genetically identical genders. this study provides a benchmark dataset to understand how lipids alter as a function of age in genetically identical female and male species with different average lifespan and ageing rate.

Short lifespan is one’s fate, long lifespan is one’s achievement: lessons fromDaphnia

“…Considering the more recent interpretation of the rate of living hypothesis in terms of the amount of oxidative damage accumulated over the lifetime as the limiting factor for lifespan extension (Austad 2018), one would expect the shorter lifespan in Daphnia males to be associated with faster, in astronomical time, but similar, over relative age, accumulation of reactive oxygen species-mediated damages. Indeed, the amount of DNA damage followed this pattern in Daphnia males and females (Constantinou et al 2019), but the accumulation of the final product of lipid peroxidation, MDA, did not: it appears to accumulate in males slower, not faster, than in females (Coggins et al 2017; Constantinou et al 2019), an effect possibly related to lipid composition differences between sexes (Constantinou et al 2020; see below). No combination of our 25 experiments provided an opportunity to test for clone-by-sex interactions or for any other interaction between sex and protocol parameters except group size (which was not significant).…”

“…There are two possible causes of lipid peroxidation level change across ages, diets, or genotypes: the amount of ROS and the amount of their lipid targets, namely PUFAs, both of which can change with age. It appears that lipid composition changes significantly with age (Barata et al 2005), markedly differently in males and females (Constantinou et al 2020), with, in particular, highly polyunsaturated fatty acids declining with age (Barata et al 2005). Furthermore, the amount of LPO and its age trajectory may differ within each ovary cycle as lipids, including PUFAs are accumulated in tissues and transported into the ovaries (Lowman and Yampolsky 2023;Campbell and Yampolsky, in preparation).…”

Lipidomic Analysis of Plasma from Healthy Men and Women Shows Phospholipid Class and Molecular Species Differences between Sexes

“…An elution gradient was applied to column of mobile phase A (10 mM ammonium formate in 50% acetonitrile +0.1% (v/v) formic acid) and B (2 mM ammonium formate in acetonitrile: propan‐2‐ol: water (10:88:2 v/v/v) + 0.02% (v/v) formic acid) over 28 min; starting at 35% (v/v) B, then 60% B at 4 min, 85% B at 12 min, and 100% (v/v) B at 21 min which was held for 3 min before equilibrating for 4 min at 35% B prior to the next run. The elution system was based on Bird et al (2011), but was modified such that ammonium formate concentration was varied in order to optimize the ionization conditions for the different lipid classes (Constantinou et al, 2020).…”

“…, then 60% B at 4 min, 85% B at 12 min, and 100% (v/v) B at 21 min which was held for 3 min before equilibrating for 4 min at 35% B prior to the next run. The elution system was based on Bird et al (2011), but was modified such that ammonium formate concentration was varied in order to optimize the ionization conditions for the different lipid classes (Constantinou et al, 2020).…”

Metabolomics Reveals That Bisphenol Pollutants Impair Protein Synthesis-Related Pathways in Daphnia magna

“…D. magna has been widely used in well-established protocols for ecotoxicological studies [43][44][45] and has been listed as one of the prioritized model organisms in metabolomic-based studies [46]. Previous environmental metabolomic studies have utilized D. magna to understand, among others, the mode of toxic action of different pollutants [39], the impacts of chemical structure on toxicity [47], how dissolved organic matter alter the bioavailability of contaminants with varying hydrophobicity [48], and changes in lipid profiles of male and female animals with age [49].…”