Characterisation of the arrestment responses of Trichogramma evanescens

Gardner, Sarah; Lenteren, J.C. van

doi:10.1007/bf00384798

Cited by 64 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Trichogramma spp. search in the vicinity of the host after parasitization, and therefore the chances of finding a second egg in the same patch are greater than locating one in another patch (Laing, 1937;Gardner & van Lenteren, 1986). Experiments were carried out in an incubator at 26 ± 2 • C, 50 ± 10% r.h.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and chemical plant characters inhibiting the searching behaviour of Trichogramma chilonis

Romeis

Shanower

Zebitz

1998

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Several plant characters are known to affect the searching behaviour and parasitization efficiency of Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). In this study, plant characters contributing to the low Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) egg parasitism levels on pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh) were investigated. The efficiency of T. chilonis on pigeonpea was dependent on the plant structure on which the host eggs were found. In a cage experiment, more than 55% of eggs placed on leaves were parasitized, while 1% of eggs on calyxes and no eggs on pods were parasitized. In a filter paper bioassay, parasitoids were deterred by acetone and hexane surface extracts from pigeonpea pods but showed no response to water extract. The searching behaviour of the parasitoids was not affected by different solvent extracts from the surface of pigeonpea leaves. In a four-armed airflow olfactometer, T. chilonis was repelled by volatiles from pigeonpea pods but showed no response to volatiles derived from hexane extract of pod surfaces. Volatile infochemicals and hexane surface extracts from pods of two wild Cajanus species, C. scarabaeoides (L.) Thours and C. platycarpus (Bentham) van der Maesen, were similarly deterrent to T. chilonis. The movement of the parasitoids on pigeonpea pods and calyxes was inhibited by long trichomes and wasps were trapped by sticky trichome exudates. Parasitoids walked significantly faster on leaves than on pods. The walking speed on both pods and leaves increased significantly after washing with hexane. The results presented in this paper show that the plant growth stage and the plant structures preferred by H. armigera for oviposition are the least suitable for T. chilonis, contributing to the low parasitoid efficiency on pigeonpea.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and chemical plant characters inhibiting the searching behaviour of Trichogramma chilonis

Romeis

Shanower

Zebitz

1998

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…However, when hosts are concealed or less active, their presence also can be revealed by chemicals that are not directly associated with them (Vet and Dicke, 1992;Colazza et al, 2004a;Colazza et al, 2004b). For example, adult scales lost by Heliothis zea (Boddie) and Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre) moths induce females of the egg parasitoids Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Telenomus busseolae Gahan, respectively, to search longer on host patches where such cues are present (Beevers et al, 1981;Gardner and van Lenteren, 1986;Colazza and Rosi, 2001). In this work we investigated the effects of residues of adult hosts and oviposition experience on the host location of Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), an egg parasitoid of Chemical residues left by walking adults of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) induce arrestment behavior in the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) leading to prolonged periods of walking on contaminated areas and to systematic return to the stimulus after encountering the treatment borders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of host kairomones and oviposition experience on the arrestment behavior of an egg parasitoid

Peri

Sole

Wajnberg³

et al. 2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Chemical residues left by walking adults of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) induce arrestment behavior in the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) leading to prolonged periods of walking on contaminated areas and to systematic return to the stimulus after encountering the treatment borders. In this study, we quantified how the hierarchical value of residues from host adults and oviposition experience can influence the arrestment behavior of T. basalis females. Our results showed that: (1) female wasps perceived host residues at different hierarchical levels depending on the host gender, with a clear preference for the chemical residues deposited by host females rather then host males; (2) wasps' arrestment response to chemical residues of host females became weaker when wasps were not rewarded by an oviposition experience, and stronger following successful oviposition; (3) repeated encounters with host male chemical residues, followed or not by oviposition experience, did not cause wasps to change their innate arrestment response; (4) in the unrewarded condition, arrestment responses of wasps varied according to the time elapsed between successive visits to areas contaminated by host females: responses were weak with a short interval (less than 24 h) and stronger with a long interval (more than 72 h), suggesting that this unrewarded experience, i.e. encounter with female traces not followed by host egg location, fade within a few hours. The potential significance of these results to the host location behavior of T. basalis in the field is discussed

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“…In parasitoid wasps, patch-departure mechanisms are driven by changes in locomotory behaviour. Contact with food-associated cues increases turning rates and decreases walking speed (Gardner and Van Lenteren, 1986;Wajnberg, 2006). A similar mechanism is probably at play in slime moulds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Slime moulds use heuristics based on within-patch experience to decide when to leave

Latty

Beekman

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Animals foraging in patchy, non-renewing or slowly renewing environments must make decisions about how long to remain within a patch. Organisms can use heuristics ('rules of thumb') based on available information to decide when to leave the patch. Here, we investigated proximate patch-departure heuristics in two species of giant, brainless amoeba: the slime moulds Didymium bahiense and Physarum polycephalum. We explicitly tested the importance of information obtained through experience by eliminating chemosensory cues of patch quality. In P. polycephalum, patch departure was influenced by the consumption of high, and to a much lesser extent low, quality food items such that engulfing a food item increased patchresidency time. Physarum polycephalum also tended to forage for longer in darkened, 'safe' patches. In D. bahiense, engulfment of any food item increased patch residency irrespective of that food item's quality. Exposure to light had no effect on the patch-residency time of D. bahiense. Given that these organisms lack a brain, our results illustrate how the use of simple heuristics can give the impression that individuals make sophisticated foraging decisions.

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Characterisation of the arrestment responses of Trichogramma evanescens

Cited by 64 publications

References 36 publications

Physical and chemical plant characters inhibiting the searching behaviour of Trichogramma chilonis

Physical and chemical plant characters inhibiting the searching behaviour of Trichogramma chilonis

Effect of host kairomones and oviposition experience on the arrestment behavior of an egg parasitoid

Slime moulds use heuristics based on within-patch experience to decide when to leave

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