Characterisation of tannins and in vitro protein digestibility of several Lotus corniculatus varieties

Hedqvist, Helena; Mueller-Harvey, Irene; Reed, Jess D.; Krueger, Christian G.; Murphy, Michael L.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(00)00178-4

Cited by 82 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In 2006, we planted replicated monocultures of TF (Festuca arundinaceum, Kentucky 31 endophyte-infected and endophyte-free TFs; Rottinghaus et al, 1991;Aldrich et al, 1993) and RCG (Phalaris arundinacea L. varieties v.n.s. and palaton) high (1) and low (2) in alkaloids, respectively (Marten, 1972;Sheaffer et al, 1990); BFT (Lotus corniculatus varieties Goldie and Norcen) high (1) and low (2) in tannins, respectively (Terrill et al, 1992;Hedqvist et al, 2000); and ALF (Medicago sativa varieties Vernal and Lahontan) high (1) and low (2) in saponins, respectively (Pedersen, 1975;Pedersen et al, 1976; Table 1). TF (1) showed higher concentrations of ergovaline than TF (P , 0.05).…”

Section: Pasture Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical complementarities among endophyte-infected tall fescue, reed canarygrass, birdsfoot trefoil and alfalfa affect cattle foraging

Lyman

Provenza

Villalba

et al. 2012

Animal

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We determined whether plant diversity and sequence of plant ingestion affected foraging when cattle chose from plants that varied in concentrations of alkaloids, tannins and saponins. We hypothesized cattle that ate high-alkaloid grasses (endophyteinfected tall fescue (TF) or reed canarygrass (RCG)) would prefer forages high in tannins (birdsfoot trefoil, BFT1) or saponins (alfalfa, ALF1), because tannins and saponins can bind to alkaloids, presumably reducing their absorption. We further hypothesized that forages with tannins or saponins consumed before, rather than after, foraging on high-alkaloid grasses would promote greater use of those grasses presumably by binding to alkaloids, thereby reducing their absorption. In Phase 1, cattle (n 5 32) grazed on either high (1) or low (2) alkaloid grass (TF or RCG) pastures for 30 min each morning at 0600 h and were then offered a choice of BFT1, BFT2, ALF1 and ALF2 for 60 min each day for 12 days. In Phase 2, cattle (n 5 32) were first offered a choice of BFT1 or ALF1 for 30 min at 0600 h and then placed on grass (TF1 or 2, or RCG1 or 2) pastures for 60 min for 12 days. In both phases, we had four spatial replications of four treatments with 2 per calves assigned to each of the 16 replications per treatment combinations. Scan samples of individuals at 2-min intervals were used to determine incidence of foraging on each plant species (%). Cattle grazed more on RCG than on TF in Phases 1 (62% v. 27%; P 5 0.0015) and 2 (71% v. 32%; P 5 0.0005). In Phase 1, cattle that first foraged on RCG1 or TF2 subsequently preferred ALF over BFT, whereas cattle offered RCG2 or TF1 foraged on ALF and BFT equally. Foraging by cattle on RCG was cyclic during Phase 1, whereas cattle foraging on TF markedly decreased incidence of use of TF from 41% to only 16% by the end of the 12-day trial (P 5 0.0029). Contrary to the cyclic (RCG) or steadily declining (TF) use of grasses in Phase 1, cattle steadily and dramatically increased foraging on both RCG and TF throughout Phase 2, when they first grazed BFT1 or ALF1 followed by high-alkaloid grasses (P 5 0.0159). Our findings suggest that in plant species the sequence of ingestion influenced foraging behavior of cattle and that secondary compounds influenced those responses.

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Section: Pasture Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical complementarities among endophyte-infected tall fescue, reed canarygrass, birdsfoot trefoil and alfalfa affect cattle foraging

Lyman

Provenza

Villalba

et al. 2012

Animal

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“…The condensed tannins in leaves were assayed into proanthocyaninds or leucoanthocyanidin flavonoid composition by high performance liquid chroma-tography (HPLC) based on techniques described by Hedqvist et al (2000) and Stewart et al (2000). A 1.00 g DM (1.00 mm) sample was extracted for 30 min in an ultrasonic water bath with 4.0 ml aqueous acetone (7:3 v/v) containing 1 g/l ascorbic acid; then centrifuged at 3 000 rpm (15 min).…”

Section: Characterization Of Condensed Tannin Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content of phenolic, extractable and bound condensed tannins and their effect on <i>in vitro</i> gas production from browse leaves

Rubanza¹,

Shem²,

Otsyina³

et al. 2005

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Two studies were conducted to screen leaves of four browse species (Dichrostachys cinerea, Flagea villosa, Harrisonia abyssinica and Piliostigma thorningii): 1. to quantify levels of total extractable phenolics (TEP), extractable tannins (TET), total condensed tannins (CT), extractable and bound CT fractions and proanthocyanidins (PAs) using chemical assays; 2. to investigate effect of tannin anti-nutritive activity on in vitro gas production assessed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) tannin bioassay. Crude protein (CP) varied (P<0.05) between fodder species from 109 (P. thorningii) to 160 g/kg DM (D. cinerea). The fodders had detectable TEP that varied from 112 (P. thorningii) to 234 mg/g DM (F. villosa). TET varied (P<0.05) between species from 95 (P. thorningii) to 220 mg/g DM (F. villosa). The content of CT varied (P<0.05) from 53.2 (F. villosa) to 98.3 mg/g DM in P. thorningii. High proportion of CT was bound to protein (40-51.4%) compared to soluble (19.5-33.1 %) and fibre-bound (22.7-27.3%) CT fractions. Characterization of PAs in leaves revealed presence of flavan-3-ol and flavan-3,4-diols flavonoids. The increase in GP due to PEG supplementation varied (P<0.05) from 44.4 ml/g OM (14.5%) to 132.3 ml/g OM (69.4%) at 16 h, and from 34.9 ml/g OM (10.3%) to 132.2 ml/g OM (57.2%) at 24 h, in H. abyssinica and D. cinerea, respectively. Variable responses on gas production between species' leaves due to PEG supplementation demonstrate adverse effects of tannins on depressed feed digestibility. Improved gas production and digestibility were due to the ability of PEG to bind and complex tannins, and recover feed nutrients bound by tannins. EFFECT OF TANNINS ON BROWSE LEAVES UTILIZATIONTherefore, utilization of these browse species' leaves as protein supplements to ruminants could be optimized through reduction of levels of phenolic and tannin anti-nutritional factors (ANFs).

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“…catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechins and epigallocatechin) that form dimers and higher oligomers, which mainly contain four to eight linkages (Swain, 1979;Xie and Dixon, 2005). CT have the ability to bind proteins, metal ions and polysaccharides to render them unavailable to ruminal microbes (MuellerHarvey and Mcallan, 1992;Hedqvist et al, 2000;Tedeschi et al, 2011b). Methods have been developed that attempted to quantify and fractionate plant CT (Hagerman and Butler, 1978;Terrill et al, 1992;Giner-Chavez et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a conceptual model of possible benefits of condensed tannins for ruminant production

Tedeschi

Ramírez-Restrepo

Muir

2014

animal

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Enteric methane (CH 4 ) emissions from ruminants have compelled a wide range of research initiatives to identify environmental abatement opportunities. However, although such mitigations can theoretically be attained with feed additives and feeding strategies, the limited empirical evidence on plant extracts used as feed additives does not support extensive or long-term reductions. Nevertheless, their strategic use (i.e. alone or combined in a simultaneous or consecutive use) may provide not only acceptable CH 4 abatement levels, but also relevant effects on animal physiology and productivity. Condensed tannins (CT) represent a range of polyphenolic compounds of flavan-3-ol units present in some forage species that can also be added to prepared diets. Methods to determine CT, or their conjugated metabolites, are not simple. Although there are limitations and uncertainties about the methods to be applied, CT are thought to reduce CH 4 production (1) indirectly by binding to the dietary fibre and/or reducing the rumen digestion and digestibility of the fibre and (2) directly by inhibiting the growth of rumen methanogens. On the basis of their role in livestock nutrition, CT influence the digestion of protein in the rumen because of their affinity for proteins (e.g. oxidative coupling and H bonding at neutral pH) that causes the CT-protein complex to be insoluble in the rumen; and dissociate in the abomasum at pH 2.5 to 3.0 for proteolysis and absorption in the small intestine. CT may also reduce gastro-intestinal parasite burdens and improve reproductive performance, foetal development, immune system response, hormone serum concentrations, wool production and lactation. The objectives of this paper are to discuss some of the beneficial and detrimental effects of CT on ruminant production systems and to develop a conceptual model to illustrate these metabolic relationships in terms of systemic physiology using earlier investigations with the CT-containing legume Lotus corniculatus. Our conceptual model indicated four complex and long-lasting relationships (digestive, toxicological, physiological and morphological) that can alter the normal biology of the animal. These relationships are interdependent, integrative, and sometimes, complementary to each other. This conceptual model can be used to develop mechanistic models to improve the understanding of the interaction between CT and the ruminants as well as to guide research initiatives of the impact of polyphenol-rich foods on human health.Keywords: condensed tannins, methane, modelling, physiology, ruminant ImplicationsThis paper reviews potential benefits of condensed tannins (CT), including mitigation of methane emission (a potent greenhouse gas), reduction of ruminal degradation of amino acids and reduction of gastro-intestinal parasitic infestation among many other benefits to cattle, sheep and goats; and proposes a conceptual model to understand the interrelationships of the mechanisms of action of these benefits within the animal. Our conceptual model lays t...

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Characterisation of tannins and in vitro protein digestibility of several Lotus corniculatus varieties

Cited by 82 publications

References 26 publications

Phytochemical complementarities among endophyte-infected tall fescue, reed canarygrass, birdsfoot trefoil and alfalfa affect cattle foraging

Phytochemical complementarities among endophyte-infected tall fescue, reed canarygrass, birdsfoot trefoil and alfalfa affect cattle foraging

Content of phenolic, extractable and bound condensed tannins and their effect on <i>in vitro</i> gas production from browse leaves

Developing a conceptual model of possible benefits of condensed tannins for ruminant production

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