Characterisation of Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts by Nuclear Microprobe Techniques

Jacobs, D.; Smith, Graham C.; Vis, R.D.; Wielers, A.F.H.

doi:10.1006/jcat.1998.2037

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Studies on industrial catalysts are less common; coke in industrial reforming, hydrotreating, or cracking catalysts was studied using solid-state carbon magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C-MAS-NMR), [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11] supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), [3,7] electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), [12] near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), [11,13] X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), [7,11] X-ray diffraction (XRD), [14] matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), [6] temperature-programmed hydrogenation (TPH) and oxidation (TPO), [11,15] Raman spectroscopy, [11,14] UV-vis microspectroscopy, [16] proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). [17] These techniques often rely on coke-containing samples from which the catalyst was leached (e. g., by dissolution in hydrofluoric acid [4] ) and provide either bulk information or 2-D data at a spatial resolution that is too low to study the relation of catalyst structure and composition on the one hand and coke on the other hand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[54] The only spatially resolved coke study we are aware of that identified carbon deposits in FCC catalysts used NRA line scans across particle cross-sections with a spatial resolution of several micrometers and revealed uniformly distributed carbon. [17] In a more recent study using NMR and EPR, [12] our group determined an approximate location of aromatic and aliphatic carbon deposits in FCC catalyst particles. Aliphatic coke was deposited within the particle, while aromatic coke was found predominantly in the outer part of the particle close to a paramagnetic species, such as iron (Fe 3 + ; d 5 ), nickel (Ni 2 + ; d 8 ) or vanadium (V 4 + ; d 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3‐D X‐ray Nanotomography Reveals Different Carbon Deposition Mechanisms in a Single Catalyst Particle

et al. 2021

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Catalyst deactivation involves a complex interplay of processes taking place at different length and time scales. Understanding this phenomenon is one of the grand challenges in solid catalyst characterization. A process contributing to deactivation is carbon deposition (i. e., coking), which reduces catalyst activity by limiting diffusion and blocking active sites. However, characterizing coke formation and its effects remains challenging as it involves both the organic and inorganic phase of the catalytic process and length scales from the atomic scale to the scale of the catalyst body. Here we present a combination of hard X-ray imaging techniques able to visualize in 3-D the distribution, effect and nature of carbon deposits in the macropore space of an entire industrially used catalyst particle. Our findings provide direct evidence for coke promoting effects of metal poisons, pore clogging by coke, and a correlation between carbon nature and its location. These results provide a better understanding of the coking process, its relation to catalyst deactivation and new insights into the efficiency of the industrial scale process of fluid catalytic cracking.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3‐D X‐ray Nanotomography Reveals Different Carbon Deposition Mechanisms in a Single Catalyst Particle

et al. 2021

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“…22 It consists of small particles with diameters of approximately 50-100 mm (ref. 23) and is mainly structured with SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 . 20 Oil reneries all around the world demand 300 thousand tons of FCC catalyst annually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A small eggshell Ni/SFC3R catalyst for C5 petroleum resin hydrogenation: preparation and characterization

et al. 2016

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A small eggshell Ni-based catalyst, supported in a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (SFC3R) with distinct outer shell regions, was synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation using n-heptane and nickel nitrate solution and was applied to C5 petroleum resin hydrogenation. For comparison, a uniform Ni/SFC3R catalyst was prepared by conventional impregnation. The eggshell Ni/SFC3R catalyst exhibited higher activity and better stability than the uniform Ni/SFC3R catalyst for C5 petroleum resin hydrogenation because of its nickel component distribution in the outer region of the particles, small NiO particles, and interaction of NiO-SFC3R. The morphology and microstructure of the micron-sized Ni/SFC3R particles were determined through a FIB (focused ion beam)-cutting technique combined with SEM-EDX. The results showed that the eggshell thickness was approximately 1.8 mm.

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Mechanism of fluid cracking catalysts deactivation by Fe

Yaluris¹,

Cheng

Peters

et al. 2004

Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis

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Characterisation of Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts by Nuclear Microprobe Techniques

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

3‐D X‐ray Nanotomography Reveals Different Carbon Deposition Mechanisms in a Single Catalyst Particle

3‐D X‐ray Nanotomography Reveals Different Carbon Deposition Mechanisms in a Single Catalyst Particle

A small eggshell Ni/SFC3R catalyst for C5 petroleum resin hydrogenation: preparation and characterization

Mechanism of fluid cracking catalysts deactivation by Fe

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