Characterisation of some Australian oil shale using thermal, X-ray and IR techniques

Bhargava, Suresh K.; Awaja, Firas; Subasinghe, Nalaka Deepal

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2004.11.013

Cited by 107 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Também foram observados alguns picos referentes à hematita (Fe 2 O 3 ), berlinita (AlO 4 P), brucita (Mg(OH) 2 ) e rutilo (TiO 2 ), cujas intensidades dos picos são reduzidas pela presença do quartzo (SiO 2 ). 33,34 O difratograma do XR apresentou picos referentes à albita (NaAlSi 3 O 8 ), ortoclásio (KAlSi 3 O 8 ) e carbonatos de cálcio e magnésio, além de picos característicos de quartzo.…”

Section: Caracterização Das Amostras De Solos E De Xrunclassified

Avaliação da liberação de elementos traço em solos tratados com xisto retortado

Santos¹,

Presbiteris²,

Santos³

et al. 2017

Quim. Nova

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EVALUATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS RELEASING FROM SOILS TREATED WITH RETORTED OIL SHALE. Soils that had received successive applications of retorted oil shale (ROS) in an experiment under field conditions were used in this study, aiming to evaluate the availability of trace elements. In the batch tests, we observed that toxic elements present in the ROS are not desorbed from the matrix in significant amounts to contaminate soil and groundwater. The element Ca represents the greatest nutrient contribution, which has high mobility and ease release into the soil solution. Concerning the results obtained from the soil extracts analysis; we observed that the undesirable elements released into the extracts are not directly related to the presence of ROS in the soil samples. Comparing the behavior of soil samples with and without ROS it is possible to infer that many of the trace elements are derived from soil constituents, from previous fertilizer and pesticides applications. The study suggested that the ROS can be used as a soil conditioner for agricultural purposes without adding harmful elements to the environment.Keywords: soils; trace elements; retorted oil shale. INTRODUÇÃOO folhelho pirobetuminoso (xisto) é uma rocha sedimentar rica em querogênio, que é um composto orgânico de composição indefinida, gerado pela ação química e de microrganismos sobre a matéria orgânica ao longo de milhões de anos. 1 O Brasil possui a segunda maior reserva de xisto no mundo, sendo os Estados Unidos detentor das maiores reservas mundiais, 1,2 além de outros países que merecem destaque como Austrália, Canadá, China, Estônia, Itália, Jordânia, Marrocos, Rússia e Zaire. 3 Em São Mateus do Sul, no estado do Paraná, é explorada a extração de xisto da mais importante reserva de xisto do Brasil, a Formação Irati, a qual abrange também os estados de Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, São Paulo, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. 3 A Unidade de Negócios da Industrialização do Xisto realiza a mineração e o processamento do xisto extraído neste local. O processamento do xisto produz óleo e gás em condições de alta temperatura e alta pressão, além de outros subprodutos, sendo um deles o xisto retortado (XR) produzido em grandes quantidades, representando cerca de 80 a 90% da quantidade de matéria prima inicial do processo. 1 O XR é uma matriz dependente de sua origem e do processo de extração de óleo e gás, e pode conter compostos orgânicos e elementos traços indesejáveis ao meio ambiente. A composição química e as características do XR têm sido objeto de estudo de vários países, variando conforme a região de origem. 1,4-10 Na matriz do XR estão presentes minerais tais como quartzo, feldspatos, argilas (principalmente ilita e clorita), carbonatos (calcita e dolomita), pirita e outros minerais. [11][12][13] Outros elementos químicos também estão presentes no XR como Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, K e P, em quantidades majoritárias, além de elementos em menores proporções como Mn, Zn, Ba, Pb, Mo, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co e Cd, entre outros. As quantidades relativas de cada elemento...

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Section: Caracterização Das Amostras De Solos E De Xrunclassified

Avaliação da liberação de elementos traço em solos tratados com xisto retortado

Santos¹,

Presbiteris²,

Santos³

et al. 2017

Quim. Nova

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“…Therefore, it is particularly important to pay attention to the characteristics of pyrolysis of oil shale and the mobility of products. At present, research has made great progress in describing the physicochemical characteristics of oil shale and kerogen [18][19][20][21][22], as well as the relationship between pyrolysis characteristics of oil shale and pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis pressure, heating rate, heating duration, particle size, and other factors [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Analysis on the pore structure mainly focuses on shale's geologically evolving processes or reservoir characteristics, such as the relationship between porosity and organic matter content, maturity, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of In Situ Pyrolysis on the Evolution of Pore Structure of Oil Shale

Liu

Yang

et al. 2018

Energies

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The evolution of pore structure during in situ underground exploitation of oil shale directly affects the diffusion and permeability of pyrolysis products. In this study, on the basis of mineral analysis and thermogravimetric results, in combination with the low-pressure nitrogen adsorption (LPNA) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) technique, the evolution of pore structure from 23 to 650 • C is quantitatively analyzed by simulating in situ pyrolysis under pressure and temperature conditions. Furthermore, based on the experimental results, we analyze the mechanism of pore structure evolution. The results show the following: (1) The organic matter of Fushun oil shale has a degradation stage in the temperature range of 350-540 • C, and there is no obvious temperature gradient between decomposition of kerogen and the secondary decomposition of bitumen. The thermal response mechanisms of organic matter and minerals are different in each temperature stage, and influence the change of pore structure. (2) Significant changes occur in pore shape at 350 • C, where thermal decomposition of kerogen begins. The ink-bottle pores are dominant when the temperature is less than 350 • C, whereas slit pores dominate when the temperature is greater than 350 • C. (3) The change in pore structure of oil shale is much less significant from 23 to 350 • C. The pore volume, porosity, and specific surface area (SSA) of samples increase rapidly with temperature varying from 350 to 600 • C. The variation of each parameter is dissimilated from 600 to 650 • C: the porosity and pore volume increases with a small gradient from 600 to 650 • C, and SSA decreases significantly. (4) The lithostatic pressure does not cause change in the evolution discipline of the pore structure, but the inhibitory effect on the pore development is significant.

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“…In addition, shale composition also plays an essential role in the understanding of gas producibility and gas adsorption capacity. Mineralogy influences the conversion of organic matter during maturation and the release of hydrocarbons during shale processing [14]. For example, Patterson et al [15] suggested that smectite, kaolinite, calcite, pyrite, and siderite greatly affect the processing of Australian oil shale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%