Characterisation of single particles from in-port ship emissions

Healy, Robert M.; O’Connor, Ian; Hellebust, Stig; Allanic, Arnaud; Sodeau, John R.; Wenger, John C.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.039

Cited by 167 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Both contained 51 V + , 67 VO + , 56 Fe + , 58 Ni + and sulfate ( 97 HSO − 4 ), which are typical markers for particles emitted by ships or oil refineries (Ault et al, 2009;Healy et al, 2009). A small signal for MSA ( 95 CH 3 SO − 3 ) was present in EC-V particles.…”

Section: Shippingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over 1.2 million single particle mass spectra were generated by the ATOFMS during the sampling period and clustered using the K-means algorithm (K = 80), described in detail elsewhere (Gross et al, 2010;Healy et al, 2009Healy et al, , 2010. Clusters exhibiting very similar average mass spectra (including those with the same major ions but varying relative signal intensities), comparable temporal trends and size distributions were merged.…”

Section: Atofms Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single particle mass spectrometers, such as the aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS), have proven valuable in identifying and characterising a wide variety of particle sources: sea salt, mineral dust, vehicle exhaust, tyre wear, solid fuel combustion (coal, peat and wood), shipping and various industrial emissions Bhave et al, 2001Bhave et al, , 2002Dall'Osto et al, 2014;Giorio et al, 2012;Harrison et al, 2012;Healy et al, 2009Healy et al, , 2010Healy et al, , 2012Liu et al, 2003;Spencer et al, 2008;Tao et al, 2011). Mixing state information -both internal and external -provided by mass spectrometers has been used to determine the type of atmospheric processing particles have undergone (Gard et al, 1998), as well as their acidity and hygroscopicity (Denkenberger et al, 2007;Healy et al, 2014), properties which affect their ability to act as CCN (cloud condensation nuclei; Furutani et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

et al. 2017

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Abstract. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was employed to provide real-time single particle mixing state and thereby source information for aerosols impacting the western Mediterranean basin during the ChArMEx-ADRIMED and SAF-MED campaigns in summer 2013. The ATOFMS measurements were made at a ground-based remote site on the northern tip of Corsica.Twenty-seven distinct ATOFMS particle classes were identified and subsequently grouped into eight general categories: EC-rich (elemental carbon), K-rich, Na-rich, amines, OC-rich (organic carbon), V-rich, Fe-rich and Carich particles. Mass concentrations were reconstructed for the ATOFMS particle classes and found to be in good agreement with other co-located quantitative measurements (PM 1 , black carbon (BC), organic carbon, sulfate mass and ammonium mass). Total ATOFMS reconstructed mass (PM 2.5 ) accounted for 70-90 % of measured PM 10 mass and was comprised of regionally transported fossil fuel (EC-rich) and biomass burning (K-rich) particles. The accumulation of these transported particles was favoured by repeated and extended periods of air mass stagnation over the western Mediterranean during the sampling campaigns. The single particle mass spectra proved to be valuable source markers, allowing the identification of fossil fuel and biomass burning combustion sources, and was therefore highly complementary to quantitative measurements made by Particle into Liquid Sampler ion chromatography (PILS-IC) and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), which have demonstrated that PM 1 and PM 10 were comprised predominantly of sulfate, ammonium and OC. Good temporal agreement was observed between ATOFMS EC-rich and K-rich particle mass concentrations and combined mass concentrations of BC, sulfate, ammonium and low volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA). This combined information suggests that combustion of fossil fuels and biomass produced primary EC-and OC-containing particles, which then accumulated ammonium, sulfate and alkylamines during regional transport.Three other sources were also identified: local biomass burning, marine and shipping. Local combustion particlesPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. (emitted in Corsica) contributed little to PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentrations but were easily distinguished from regional combustion particles. Marine emissions comprised fresh and aged sea salt: the former was detected mostly during a 5-day event during which it accounted for 50-80 % of sea salt aerosol mass, while the latter was detected throughout the sampling period. Dust was not efficiently detected by the ATOFMS, and support measurements showed that it was mainly in the PM 2.5-10 fraction. Shipping particles, identified using markers for heavy fuel oil combustion, were associated with regional emissions and represented only a small fraction of PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentration at the site.

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Section: Shippingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Atofms Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

et al. 2017

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“…For instance, biomass burning spectra are identified by a prominent K + peak along with organic peaks and a lack of other metals. Vanadium with organic species was used as a tracer to identify aerosol from heavy oil combustion (e.g., from ship engines), which allows for the definition of a particle class termed "Oil Combustion" similar to previous work with other single-particle instruments that studied emissions from commercial ports [Ault et al, 2009;Healy et al, 2009]. Since the PALMS is a single-particle instrument, it is capable of determining aerosol mixing state.…”

Section: Total Submicron Aerosol Composition At the Pasadena Ground Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic aerosol composition and sources in Pasadena, California, during the 2010 CalNex campaign

et al. 2013

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Organic aerosols (OA) in Pasadena are characterized using multiple measurements from the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) campaign. Five OA components are identified using positive matrix factorization including hydrocarbon‐like OA (HOA) and two types of oxygenated OA (OOA). The Pasadena OA elemental composition when plotted as H : C versus O : C follows a line less steep than that observed for Riverside, CA. The OOA components from both locations follow a common line, however, indicating similar secondary organic aerosol (SOA) oxidation chemistry at the two sites such as fragmentation reactions leading to acid formation. In addition to the similar evolution of elemental composition, the dependence of SOA concentration on photochemical age displays quantitatively the same trends across several North American urban sites. First, the OA/ΔCO values for Pasadena increase with photochemical age exhibiting a slope identical to or slightly higher than those for Mexico City and the northeastern United States. Second, the ratios of OOA to odd‐oxygen (a photochemical oxidation marker) for Pasadena, Mexico City, and Riverside are similar, suggesting a proportional relationship between SOA and odd‐oxygen formation rates. Weekly cycles of the OA components are examined as well. HOA exhibits lower concentrations on Sundays versus weekdays, and the decrease in HOA matches that predicted for primary vehicle emissions using fuel sales data, traffic counts, and vehicle emission ratios. OOA does not display a weekly cycle—after accounting for differences in photochemical aging —which suggests the dominance of gasoline emissions in SOA formation under the assumption that most urban SOA precursors are from motor vehicles.

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“…3(a). The strong vanadium signature has typically been identified as a marker of emissions from limited sources, due to the residual fuels used by ships and refinery containing high concentration of vanadium (Healy et al, 2009;Ault et al, 2010).…”

Section: Particles During the Regional Transport Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Particle Characterizations of Ambient Aerosols during a Wintertime Pollution Episode in Nanning: Local Emissions vs. Regional Transport

Chen

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Ambient aerosol during a heavily polluted episode in wintertime was characterized using real-time single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) in urban Nanning, a capital city in the Southwestern China. More than two million individual particles analyzed by SPAMS were classified into 8 major clusters based on the mass spectral patterns. A group of vanadium-rich particles were identified as the emissions from mining and smelting of vanadium mineral and were taken as markers of regional transported industrial emissions when air masses traversed northeast inland regions from Nanning. Number fractions of other industrially-emitted particles, including chromium-rich, elemental/organic carbon, organic carbon and fly ash, also increased during the regional transport events. During stagnant periods, local emissions sources, including vehicle exhaust (like Ca-EC particles) and local coal-fired power plants, contributed to the fine particles. During most of the sampling period, biomass burning particles produced by bagasse combustion were the most abundant, contributing ~25-80% of the total classified particles. Our observations suggest that biomass burning particles derived from industrial heat and electricity cogeneration processes could have a significant impact on the urban air quality without proper emission controls.

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Characterisation of single particles from in-port ship emissions

Cited by 167 publications

References 21 publications

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

Organic aerosol composition and sources in Pasadena, California, during the 2010 CalNex campaign

Single-Particle Characterizations of Ambient Aerosols during a Wintertime Pollution Episode in Nanning: Local Emissions vs. Regional Transport

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