Characterisation of Rosa Mosqueta seeds: cell wall polysaccharide composition and light microscopy observations

Abstract

The utilisation of enzymes for the extraction of vegetable oils from seeds has been a topic of growing interest in recent years. Knowledge of the cell wall polysaccharide composition is important to select the enzyme(s) necessary for the most effective degradation of the cell walls. The purpose of the present work is to characterise the seeds of Rosa Mosqueta (Rosa aff rubiginosa) by light microscopy (where several differential staining methods were applied to analyse the seed structure) and by the isolation of cell wall polysaccharide extracts. The mature seed of Rosa Mosqueta has a very thick and structurally complex seed coat comprising heavily ligni®ed tissue. The embryo has two cell layers of remaining endosperm tissue (indicating that this is an exalbuminous seed), two voluminous cotyledons that contain the oil, and bundles of provascular tissues distributed perpendicularly to the transverse axis of the embryo. The major non-cellulosic polysaccharides from the non-ligni®ed tissues are glucuronoxylans and pectic polysaccharides; glucans are also present in small amounts. The major non-cellulosic polysaccharides from the ligni®ed tissues are glucuronoxylans. Concerning the use of enzymes for oil extraction, microscopy and cell wall polysaccharide analysis showed that the use of pectic enzymes followed by a xylanase or a cellulase should be explored.

Physicochemical, functional and structural characterization of fibre from defatted Rosa rubiginosa and Gevuina avellana seeds

“…It is unlikely that these polysaccharides arose from starch since, as evidenced by Pas-amido black staining, starch was not detected in the embryo of R rubiginosa seeds. 13 For R rubiginosa an increase of HexA and Ara in the soluble fractions with extraction temperature was -95 13 7 30 3 3 34 11 1077 WIF-121 6 2 37 t 1 46 9 805 PIF-60 13 2 33 1 43 8 747 PIF-121 5 6 22 20 4 11 25 9 721 IDF 9 1 31 1 1 47 10 501 WSF-60 9 5 2 3 4 60 18 399 WSF-95 15 8 1 2 5 47 23 479 WSF-121 14 15 3 7 6 55 560 PSF-60 60 8 1 4 2 24 204 PSF-121 16 15 3 7 4 55 459 SDF 26 7 1 4 6 observed. Similar behaviour was observed for G avellana fibres obtained by water and by phosphate buffer extraction (Table 7).…”

“…Precipitation of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides solubilized was achieved by the addition of ethanol (final concentration 780 g kg −1 ). Under these conditions and due to the content in pectins of these seeds, 13,14 it is possible that pectic substances could also be recovered. The effects of the drying technology (freeze-drying, oven drying) was compared for the fibres extracted at 60 and at 95 • C.…”

“…The seed coat from R rubiginosa seeds was shown to contain significant amounts of glucuronoxylans, a polysaccharide characteristic of heavily lignified tissues. 13 However, as also observed by these authors, glucuronoxylans were also present in the cell walls of the embryo, although in smaller amounts. Furthermore, since the seeds were dehulled prior to aqueous extraction of the fibres, it seems unlikely that the xyloglucan would arise from the highly lignified tissues of the seed coat (or hull).…”

Characterisation of Chilean hazelnut (Gevuina avellana) tissues: light microscopy and cell wall polysaccharides

“…When observing both longitudinal and transverse sections of the cotyledons, the provascular tissue was not easily detected (data not shown). It is possible that, as also observed in the cotyledons of Rosa mosqueta, 38 the provascular tissue is oriented in small bundles perpendicular to the transverse embryonic axis.…”

Caracterización térmica y vibracional de las semillas, pulpa, hojas y aceite de semillas de Rosa rubiginosa.

“…The LA and αLNA acids are considered important for the maintenance of a healthy skin. Besides non-saturated fatty acids and significant quantities of α-tocopherol (300 ppm), the presence of carotenoids, flavonoids and trans-retinoic acid has also been detected and these could be responsible for some of the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of rosehip seed oil (Zielinski, 1984;Dourado et al, 2000;Moure et al, 2001Moure et al, , 2005Franco et al, 2007a, b;Romero et al, 2007;Merrill et al, 2008).…”