Characterisation of oil palm trunk and frond as fuel for biomass thermochemical

Abstract

The rate of oil palm production in Malaysia increases annually and as a result, the oil palm wastes, especially oil palm trunk (OPT) and oil palm fronds (OPF) remain abundant. A suitable way of converting this abundant waste to renewable energy is through thermochemical conversion. Thus, this study investigates the characteristics of OPT and OPF biomass, for use as feedstock in thermochemical processes like gasification, pyrolysis, and combustion. The analysis carried out includes; ultimate (CHNSO) and proximate (thermogravimetric) analysis, calorific value, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Both feedstocks exhibited potential for use as fuel in biomass thermochemical conversion. The CHNSO analysis showed the presence of sufficient carbon, hydrogen and oxygen elements in both feedstocks, with carbon being the highest 45.42% in OPT and 43.35% in OPF. The percentages of nitrogen and sulphur which are required to be less for a good fuel were also obtained in low quantities for both fuel; 0.47% and 0.13% in OPT and 0.76% and 0.45% in OPF, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed both feedstocks to be having high volatile matter 62.28% in OPT and 66.10% in OPF. Meanwhile, sufficient fixed carbon content of 26.18% in OPT and 25.68% in OPF with low ash content of 9.82% in OPT and 6.32% in OPF were obtained in the analysis. FESEM and XRF were used to investigate the surface morphology, elemental and mineralogical nature of the samples. The findings were compared with those of other biomass and non-biomass materials. The EDX graph showed the presence of carbon and oxygen in a higher amount while in the XRF analysis CaO and K2O were the major oxides present in both OPT and OPF, with a low amount of SiO making the feedstocks less prone to agglomeration during thermochemical conversion.

Syngas production from gasification and co‐gasification of oil palm trunk and frond using a down‐draft gasifier

“…It is often perceived as not capable of producing good results in terms of thermochemical processes like gasification due to its high moisture content compared to other parts like OPF. Despite this perception physicochemical characteristics of the OPT in our previous study, 45 have displayed its properties as a potential fuel capable of delivering syngas. Hence this study sets out to conduct an investigation to find out the potential of OPT in gasification study, also to co‐gasifying OPT with OPF in order to study the effect of blending ratio on the syngas quality and co‐gasification performance.…”

Investigating the Palm Oil Mill Wastes Properties for Thermal Power Plants

“…Heat value shows the total amount of energy available in the fuel. The heat value can be represented in either higher heating value (HHV) or lower heating value (LHV) [16].…”

An Outlook on Tar Abatement, Carbon Capture and its Utilization for a Clean Gasification Process

“…Fossil fuel utilisation to catch up with this energy demand continuously generates problems of atmospheric pollution, global warming, ozone layer depletion and climate change, among others 3,4) . Hence, it is noticed that increasing interest in the reduction of greenhouse gasses and fossil fuel usage has triggered research on renewable energy sources 5,6) . Among these energy sources, biomass energy conversion seems to be the best as it is capable of supplying energy in solid form (bio char), liquid form (bio-oil), and gas (producer/ syngas) which are potential feedstock for the production of chemicals like methanol and ethanol 7,8) .…”