Characterisation of new analogues of palytoxin isolated from an<i>Ostreopsis mascarenensis</i>bloom in the south-western Indian Ocean

Lenoir, Séverine; Ten-Hage, Loı̈c; Turquet, Jean; Quod, Jean-Pascal; Hennion, MC

doi:10.2989/18142320609504184

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In (Quod, 1994;Quod et al, 1995;Faust, 1999;Lenoir et al, 2004Lenoir et al, , 2006, and further north, off Tanzania, O. heptagona has been identified (Wawiye et al, 1999;Kyewalyanga and Lugomela, 2001).…”

Section: Indian Oceanmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis: Reassessment of the state of knowledge of their taxonomy, geography, ecophysiology, and toxicology

et al. 2012

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Section: Indian Oceanmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis: Reassessment of the state of knowledge of their taxonomy, geography, ecophysiology, and toxicology

et al. 2012

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“…In 1981, its unique chemical structure was elucidated independently by two groups [ 4 , 5 ] while in 1994 it was fully synthesized for the first time [ 6 ]. Since then, chemical structures of some of the analogs of PTX were also achieved, e.g., ostreocin [ 7 , 8 ], mascarenotoxins [ 9 , 10 ] and ovatoxin [ 11 ]. Notably, all are produced by dinoflagellates from the genus Ostreopsis .…”

Section: Palytoxin Chemical Properties and Producing Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palytoxin and Analogs: Biological and Ecological Effects

2010

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Palytoxin (PTX) is a potent marine toxin that was originally found in soft corals from tropical areas of the Pacific Ocean. Soon after, its occurrence was observed in numerous other marine organisms from the same ecological region. More recently, several analogs of PTX were discovered, remarkably all from species of the dinoflagellate genus Ostreopsis. Since these dinoflagellates are also found in other tropical and even in temperate regions, the formerly unsuspected broad distribution of these toxins was revealed. Toxicological studies with these compounds shows repeatedly low LD50 values in different mammals, revealing an acute toxic effect on several organs, as demonstrated by different routes of exposure. Bioassays tested for some marine invertebrates and evidences from environmental populations exposed to the toxins also give indications of the high impact that these compounds may have on natural food webs. The recognition of its wide distribution coupled with the poisoning effects that these toxins can have on animals and especially on humans have concerned the scientific community. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the effects of PTX and its analogs on different organisms, exposing the impact that these toxins may have in coastal ecosystems.

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“…Palytoxin (PLTX) is a potent non-protein marine compound produced by corals of the genus Palythoa [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] and by dinoflagellates of the genus Ostreopsis (in which the compound is referred to as putative PLTX, p-PLTX) [ 4 , 5 ]. Several PLTX analogues have been identified so far, either from Palythoa (homoPLTX, bishomoPLTX, neoPLTX and deoxyPLTX [ 6 ], 42-hydroxy-PLTX [ 3 ], PLTX-b [ 7 ]) or from Ostreopsis (Ovatoxins (OVTX) a to h [ 5 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], OVTX-a AC, -b AC, -d AC and -e AC [ 13 ], ostreocins [ 14 , 15 ], and mascarenotoxins [ 7 , 16 , 17 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hunt for Palytoxins in a Wide Variety of Marine Organisms Harvested in 2010 on the French Mediterranean Coast

et al. 2015

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During the summer of 2010, 31 species including fish, echinoderms, gastropods, crustaceans, cephalopods and sponges were sampled in the Bay of Villefranche on the French Mediterranean coast and screened for the presence of PLTX-group toxins using the haemolytic assay. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for confirmatory purposes and to determine the toxin profile. The mean toxin concentration in the whole flesh of all sampled marine organisms, determined using the lower- (LB) and upper-bound (UB) approach was 4.3 and 5.1 µg·kg−1, respectively, with less than 1% of the results exceeding the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) threshold of 30 µg·kg−1 and the highest values being reported for sea urchins (107.6 and 108.0 µg·kg−1). Toxins accumulated almost exclusively in the digestive tube of the tested species, with the exception of octopus, in which there were detectable toxin amounts in the remaining tissues (RT). The mean toxin concentration in the RT of the sampled organisms (fishes, echinoderms and cephalopods) was 0.7 and 1.7 µg·kg−1 (LB and UB, respectively), with a maximum value of 19.9 µg·kg−1 for octopus RT. The herbivorous and omnivorous organisms were the most contaminated species, indicating that diet influences the contamination process, and the LC-MS/MS revealed that ovatoxin-a was the only toxin detected.

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Characterisation of new analogues of palytoxin isolated from anOstreopsis mascarenensisbloom in the south-western Indian Ocean

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis: Reassessment of the state of knowledge of their taxonomy, geography, ecophysiology, and toxicology

Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis: Reassessment of the state of knowledge of their taxonomy, geography, ecophysiology, and toxicology

Palytoxin and Analogs: Biological and Ecological Effects

Hunt for Palytoxins in a Wide Variety of Marine Organisms Harvested in 2010 on the French Mediterranean Coast

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