Characterisation of inorganic microparticles in pigment cells of human gut associated lymphoid tissue.

Powell, Jonathan J.; Ainley, C. C.; Harvey, R.; Mason, I. M.; Kendall, Marion D.; Sankey, E A; Dhillon, AP; Thompson, R. P. H.

doi:10.1136/gut.38.3.390

Cited by 133 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Moreover, in the intestine, TiO 2 particles were observed in macrophages within gut-associated lymphoid tissues of all the human specimens examined 29) . These findings suggest that the TiO 2 particles are cleared via the lymphatic system, and that particles enter into the systemic circulation.…”

Section: Fig 3 Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (Sds)-polyacrylamide Gel Elecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding of Human Serum Proteins to Titanium Dioxide Particles In Vitro

Zaqout

Sumizawa

Ichikawa

et al. 2011

Journal of Occupational Health

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Binding of Human Serum Proteins toTitanium Dioxide Particles In Vitro: Mazen S.K. Zaqout, et al. Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan-Objectives: To determine the capacity of human serum proteins to bind to titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) particles of different polymorphs and sizes. Methods: TiO 2 particles were mixed with diluted human serum, purified human serum albumin (HSA) or purified human serum gamma-globulin (HGG) solutions. After incubation at 37°C for 1 h, the particles were sedimented by centrifugation, and proteins in the supernatant, as well as those bound to the particles, were analyzed. Results: The total protein concentration in the supernatant was lowered by TiO 2 , whereas the albumin/globulin ratio was elevated by the particles. Incubation with TiO 2 also lowered the immunoglobulin, pre-albumin, beta2-microglobulin, ceruloplasmin and retinol-binding protein levels, but not ferritin levels, in the supernatant. After sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), proteins in the supernatant, especially HGG, were observed to decrease, while those released from the particles (after adding 1% SDS and heating) increased, depending on the dose of TiO 2 . Purified HGG and HSA were also bound to TiO 2 , although the former appeared to have a higher affinity. All the proteins tested showed the highest binding potency to the amorphous particles (<50 nm) and the lowest to the rutile particles (<5,000 nm), while binding to anatase particles was intermediate. The affinity to the larger anatase was higher than that to smaller anatase particles in most cases. Conclusions: Human serum proteins, including the two major components, HSA and HGG, are bound by TiO 2 particles. The polymorph of the particles seems to be important for determining the binding capacity of the particles and it may affect distribution of the particles in the body. (J Occup Health 2011; 53: 75-83)

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Section: Fig 3 Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (Sds)-polyacrylamide Gel Elecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding of Human Serum Proteins to Titanium Dioxide Particles In Vitro

Zaqout

Sumizawa

Ichikawa

et al. 2011

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…Three distinct partide types have been consistently demonstrated in the intestinal lymphoid aggregates of man: aluminosilicates, mixed silicates, and titanium dioxide (54). These are food additives, naturally occurring contaminants from soil, or partides formed de novo in the environment or intestinal lumen (54). Similarly, in the atmosphere, car exhaust fumes, industrial pollution, and cigarette smoke have markedly increased our exposure to neoparticulates (53).…”

Section: Particulatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Submicron-sized particles can be surprisingly Environmental Health Perspectives * Vol 107, Supplement 5 * October 1999 well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and their translocation is distinct from that of soluble species (57). Three distinct partide types have been consistently demonstrated in the intestinal lymphoid aggregates of man: aluminosilicates, mixed silicates, and titanium dioxide (54). These are food additives, naturally occurring contaminants from soil, or partides formed de novo in the environment or intestinal lumen (54).…”

Section: Particulatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interest has focused on the lung because of the association between airborne microparticles and asthma (53). However, microparticles also make up an increasing proportion of the Western diet and have been implicated in the etiology of Crohn's disease (54). On average, 5 mg of titanium dioxide, for example, are now ingested per person per day in the United Kingdom (55), which alone makes an individual's daily intake about 1012 particles (56).…”

Section: Particulatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for the role of environmental agents in the initiation or progression of autoimmune conditions.

Powell

Water

Gershwin

1999

Environ Health Perspect

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The concordance of autoimmune disease among identical twins is virtually always less than 50% and often in the 25-40% range. This observation, as well as epidemic clustering of some autoimmune diseases following xenobiotic exposure, reinforces the thesis that autoimmune disease is secondary to both genetic and environmental factors. Because nonliving agents do not have genomes, disease characteristics involving nonliving xenobiotics are primarily secondary to host phenotype and function. In addition, because of individual genetic susceptibilities based not only on major histocompatibility complex differences but also on differences in toxin metabolism, lifestyles, and exposure rates, individuals will react differently to the same chemicals. With these comments in mind it is important to note that there have been associations of a number of xenobiotics with human autoimmune disease, including mercury, iodine, vinyl chloride, canavanine, organic solvents, silica, l-tryptophan, particulates, ultraviolet radiation, and ozone. In addition, there is discussion in the literature that raises the possibility that xenobiotics may also exacerbate an existing autoimmune disease. In this article we discuss these issues and, in particular, the evidence for the role of environmental agents in the initiation or progression of autoimmune conditions. With the worldwide deterioration of the environment, this is a particularly important subject for human health.

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“…Surgical titanium implants may also acquire oxide surfaces, which gradually wear releasing TiO 2 particles. The research of our group with TiO 2 has focused on the oral route in terms of quantifying human exposure, gastrointestinal uptake and, more recently, describing absorption into the circulation 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. In common with other groups we have used inductively coupled plasma (ICP)‐based techniques to quantify titanium as well as reflectance microscopy, including darkfield microscopy, to detect TiO 2 particles at the cellular level 7, 8.…”

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confidence: 99%

Imaging flow cytometry assays for quantifying pigment grade titanium dioxide particle internalization and interactions with immune cells in whole blood

et al. 2017

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Pigment grade titanium dioxide is composed of sub‐micron sized particles, including a nanofraction, and is widely utilized in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries. Oral exposure to pigment grade titanium dioxide results in at least some material entering the circulation in humans, although subsequent interactions with blood immune cells are unknown. Pigment grade titanium dioxide is employed for its strong light scattering properties, and this work exploited that attribute to determine whether single cell–particle associations could be determined in immune cells of human whole blood at “real life” concentrations. In vitro assays, initially using isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, identified titanium dioxide associated with the surface of, and within, immune cells by darkfield reflectance in imaging flow cytometry. This was confirmed at the population level by side scatter measurements using conventional flow cytometry. Next, it was demonstrated that imaging flow cytometry could quantify titanium dioxide particle‐bearing cells, within the immune cell populations of fresh whole blood, down to titanium dioxide levels of 10 parts per billion, which is in the range anticipated for human blood following titanium dioxide ingestion. Moreover, surface association and internal localization of titanium dioxide particles could be discriminated in the assays. Overall, results showed that in addition to the anticipated activity of blood monocytes internalizing titanium dioxide particles, neutrophil internalization and cell membrane adhesion also occurred, the latter for both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cell types. What happens in vivo and whether this contributes to activation of one or more of these different cells types in blood merits further attention. © 2017 The Authors. Cytometry Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.

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Characterisation of inorganic microparticles in pigment cells of human gut associated lymphoid tissue.

Cited by 133 publications

References 16 publications

Binding of Human Serum Proteins to Titanium Dioxide Particles In Vitro

Binding of Human Serum Proteins to Titanium Dioxide Particles In Vitro

Evidence for the role of environmental agents in the initiation or progression of autoimmune conditions.

Imaging flow cytometry assays for quantifying pigment grade titanium dioxide particle internalization and interactions with immune cells in whole blood

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