Characterisation of ESBL/AmpC-Producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry farms in Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC beta-lactamases (AmpCs)-producing Enterobacteriaceae have been increasingly reported and imposing significant threat to public. Livestock production industry might be the important source for clinically important ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. This study aims to investigate the resistance profile, phenotypic ESBL production, beta-lactamase genes, virulence factors, and plasmid replicon types among 59 Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from poultry faecal samples in Malaysia’s commercial poultry farm. There were 38.7% and 32.3% of Escherichia coli resistant to cefotaxime and cefoxitin, respectively, while Klebsiellaspp. demonstrated resistance rate of 52.6% to both mentioned antimicrobials. Majority of the E. coli isolates carried blaTEM and blaCMY-2 group. blaSHV was the most prevalent gene detected in Klebsiellaspp., followed by blaDHA and blaTEM. Resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporin in our isolates was primarily mediated by plasmid mediated AmpC beta-lactamase such as CMY-2 group and DHA enzyme. The CTX-M genes were found in two ESBL-producing E. coli. IncF, IncI1, and IncN plasmids were most frequently detected in E. coli and Klebsiellaspp. The virulence factor, including EAST1 and pAA were identified at low frequency. This study highlights the poultry as a reservoir of resistance and virulence determinants and prevalence of plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae might drive their dissemination.

Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria having extended-spectrum β-lactamase phenotypes in polluted irrigation-purpose wastewaters from Indian agro-ecosystems

“…The antibiotic hexadiscs were placed on agar surface aseptically, followed by incubation at 35–37°C for 16–18 h. The diameter of the zones of inhibition around the disks was recorded to the nearest mm using Antibiotic Zonescale (HiMedia, India). The zones of inhibition diameters were compared with the Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Testing, 2020, Table 2A of M100 document as published by CLSI in order to classify the bacterial isolates either resistant, intermediate, or susceptible to test antibiotics ( Drieux et al, 2008 ); Tan et al, 2023 ). Bacterial isolate exhibiting resistance against at least three different antibiotics classes was categorized as multidrug-resistant ( Magiorakos et al, 2012 ).…”

“…The β-lactam antibiotics are clinically important antimicrobial medicines and have remained the first-line chemotherapeutic intervention against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria since the 1950s ( Hutchings et al, 2019 ; Soliman et al, 2023 ). Bacterial resistance to β-lactams has increased substantially in past few decades ( Jani et al, 2021 ; Zaatout et al, 2021 ; Mutuku et al, 2022 ; Tan et al, 2023 ). However, their irrational, injudicious, and excessive use is on steady rise which not only worsen the issue of antibiotic resistance but also resulted in their accumulation in the environment as micro-pollutant ( Du and Liu, 2012 ; Fazaludeen Koya et al, 2022 ; Gitter et al, 2023 ).…”

Rare Plasmid-Mediated AmpC Beta-Lactamase DHA-1 Located on Easy Mobilized IS26-Related Genetic Element Detected in Escherichia coli from Livestock and Food in Germany

“…In livestock animals, DHA-type enzymes were described in Listeria monocytogenes collected from cattle and their environment, including milking equipment at an Egyptian cattle farm in 2022, and in S. Heidelberg from cattle, pigs and turkey in the USA in 2009 [ 23 , 24 ]. Recent publications have also described the presence of the bla DHA-1 gene in E. coli and Citrobacter freundii in frozen chicken carcasses from Mozambique, Brazil and South Africa and several K. pneumoniae and one E. coli in chicken fecal samples from Malaysia [ 25 , 26 ]. Further, bla DHA-1 was detected in Enterobacterales, such as Proteus mirabilis , E. coli and K. pneuomoniae , collected from pig production in India and Korea [ 12 , 27 ].…”