Characterisation of coronary atherosclerotic morphology by spectral analysis of radiofrequency signal: in vitro intravascular ultrasound study with histological and radiological validation

Abstract

Objective-To determine whether spectral analysis of unprocessed radiofrequency (RF) signal oVers advantages over standard videodensitometric analysis in identifying the morphology of coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Methods-97 regions of interest (ROI) were imaged at 30 MHz from postmortem, pressure perfused (80 mm Hg) coronary arteries in saline baths. RF data were digitised at 250 MHz. Two diVerent sizes of ROI were identified from scan converted images, and relative amplitudes of diVerent frequency components were analysed from raw data. Normalised spectra was used to calculate spectral slope (dB/MHz), y-axis intercept (dB), mean power (dB), and maximum power (dB) over a given bandwidth (17-42 MHz). RF images were constructed and compared with comparative histology derived from microscopy and radiological techniques in three dimensions. Results-Mean power was similar from dense fibrotic tissue and heavy calcium, but spectral slope was steeper in heavy calcium (−0.45 (0.1)) than in dense fibrotic tissue (−0.31 (0.1)), and maximum power was higher for heavy calcium (−7.7 (2.0)) than for dense fibrotic tissue (−10.2 (3.9)). Maximum power was significantly higher in heavy calcium (−7.7 (2.0) dB) and dense fibrotic tissue (−10.2 (3.9) dB) than in microcalcification (−13.9 (3.8) dB). Y-axis intercept was higher in microcalcification (−5.8 (1.1) dB) than in moderately fibrotic tissue (−11.9 (2.0) dB). Moderate and dense fibrotic tissue were discriminated with mean power: moderate −20.2 (1.1) dB, dense −14.7 (3.7) dB; and y-axis intercept: moderate −11.9 (2.0) dB, dense −5.5 (5.4) dB. DiVerent densities of fibrosis, loose, moderate, and dense, were discriminated with both y-axis intercept, spectral slope, and mean power. Lipid could be diVerentiated from other types of plaque tissue on the basis of spectral slope, lipid −0.17 (0.08). Also y-axis intercept from lipid (−17.6 (3.9)) diVered significantly from moderately fibrotic tissue, dense fibrotic tissue, microcalcification, and heavy calcium. No significant diVerences in any of the measured parameters were seen between the results obtained from small and large ROIs. Conclusion-Frequency based spectral analysis of unprocessed ultrasound signal may lead to accurate identification of atherosclerotic plaque morphology. (Heart 1998;79:459-467) Keywords: tissue characterisation; intravascular ultrasound; spectral analysis; radiofrequency data Previous intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) studies have shown that the presence of target lesion calcium aVects both the acute and long term results of coronary interventions. After percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), a chronic reduction in total vessel area is the main operative mechanism of lumen reduction and is more prevalent in lesions with mixed or calcific composition.

Impact of Remnant Lipoprotein on Coronary Plaque Components

“…Data are presented as mean standard deviation (SD) method for evaluating CVD severity 7,8) . IVUS can directly image the inside of the vessel and accurately evaluate the plaque morphology and vessel wall composition.…”

Improved visualization of high-intensity focused ultrasound lesions

“…A number of experimental studies utilizing these models have been performed (Insana 1996;Hosokawa et al 1994;Garra et al 1994), including characterization of renal disease (Insana 1996;Garra et al 1994), liver disease (Stetson and Sommer 1997), breast tumors (Anderson et al 2001;Donohue et al 2001), skin (Fournier et al 2001) and atherosclerotic plaque (Moore et al 1998;Watson et al 2000;Nair et al 2001), among others. This general methodology has been applied by our research group for characterization of ocular tumors (Coleman et al 2004;Liu et al 2004;Silverman et al 2003) and prostate cancer (Feleppa et al 2002;Feleppa et al 2004).…”

Characterization of coronary atherosclerosis by dual-source computed tomography and HU-based color mapping: a pilot study

“…While grey-scale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is accepted as the standard of reference for detection and quantification of non-stenotic atheroma, it proves imprecise in the compositional characterization of plaque [8][9][10]. By comparison, spectrum analysis of IVUS-derived radiofrequency (RF), also known as IVUS virtual histology (IVUS-VH), enables differentiation of the four primary plaque components (necrotic core, fatty-fibrous, fibrous and calcified) [11][12][13].…”