Characterisation of atherogenic effects of low carbohydrate, high protein diet (LCHP) in apoE/LDLR−/− mice

Kostogrys, Renata B.; Johann, Christoph; Czyzyńska, I.C. Izabela; Franczyk-Żarów, Magdalena; Drahun, Anna; Maślak, Edyta; Jasztal, Agnieszka; Gajda, Mariusz; Mateuszuk, Łukasz; Wróbel, Tomasz P.; Barańska, Małgorzata; Wybrańska, Iwona; Ježková, Kateřina; Nachtigal, Petr; Chłopicki, Stefan

doi:10.1007/s12603-015-0543-7

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In this study atherosclerotic plaque analysis was focused on BCA lesions closely resembling those in human atherosclerosis. Our previous work clearly suggest that BCA’s are vessels of choice to reliably analyze efficacy and mechanisms of anti-atherosclerotic treatment in ApoE/LDLR −/− mice 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It was shown, that pro-atherogenic phenotype of LCHP fed ApoE/LDLR −/− mice was associated with increased plasma concentration of total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol content, as well as increased triacylglycerols content in VLDL. These findings suggested that LCHP diet induced atherogenesis in ApoE/LDLR −/− mice was associated with cholesterol-driven mechanisms but other mechanisms could not be excluded 16 .…”

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confidence: 96%

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Effects of Low Carbohydrate High Protein (LCHP) diet on atherosclerotic plaque phenotype in ApoE/LDLR−/− mice: FT-IR and Raman imaging

Wróbel

Marzec

Chłopicki

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Low Carbohydrate High Protein (LCHP) diet displays pro-atherogenic effects, however, the exact mechanisms involved are still unclear. Here, with the use of vibrational imaging, such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman (RS) spectroscopies, we characterize biochemical content of plaques in Brachiocephalic Arteries (BCA) from ApoE/LDLR−/− mice fed LCHP diet as compared to control, recomended by American Institute of Nutrition, AIN diet. FT-IR images were taken from 6–10 sections of BCA from each mice and were complemented with RS measurements with higher spatial resolution of chosen areas of plaque sections. In aortic plaques from LCHP fed ApoE/LDLR−/− mice, the content of cholesterol and cholesterol esters was increased, while that of proteins was decreased as evidenced by global FT-IR analysis. High resolution imaging by RS identified necrotic core/foam cells, lipids (including cholesterol crystals), calcium mineralization and fibrous cap. The decreased relative thickness of the outer fibrous cap and the presence of buried caps were prominent features of the plaques in ApoE/LDLR−/− mice fed LCHP diet. In conclusion, FT-IR and Raman-based imaging provided a complementary insight into the biochemical composition of the plaque suggesting that LCHP diet increased plaque cholesterol and cholesterol esters contents of atherosclerotic plaque, supporting the cholesterol-driven pathogenesis of LCHP–induced atherogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of Low Carbohydrate High Protein (LCHP) diet on atherosclerotic plaque phenotype in ApoE/LDLR−/− mice: FT-IR and Raman imaging

Wróbel

Marzec

Chłopicki

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride plasma concentration were analyzed in plasma samples using the field flow fractionation method, with quantitative determination of cholesterol in lipoprotein fractions performed by enzymatic colorimetric assay (Kostogrys et al, 2015). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed using an Agilent 1100 system and Agilent OpenLAB (C.01.05) software in combination with the appropriate Eclipse plugin (version 4; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiatherosclerotic Effects of 1-Methylnicotinamide in Apolipoprotein E/Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice: A Comparison with Nicotinic Acid

Mateuszuk

Jasztal

Maślak

et al. 2015

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

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1-Methylnicotinamide (MNA), the major endogenous metabolite of nicotinic acid (NicA), may partially contribute to the vasoprotective properties of NicA. Here we compared the antiatherosclerotic effects of MNA and NicA in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)/ low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-deficient mice. ApoE/ LDLR 2/2 mice were treated with MNA or NicA (100 mg/kg). Plaque size, macrophages, and cholesterol content in the brachiocephalic artery, endothelial function in the aorta, systemic inflammation, platelet activation, as well as the concentration of MNA and its metabolites in plasma and urine were measured. MNA and NicA reduced atherosclerotic plaque area, plaque inflammation, and cholesterol content in the brachiocephalic artery. The antiatherosclerotic actions of MNA and NicA were associated with improved endothelial function, as evidenced by a higher concentration of 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1a and nitrite/nitrate in the aortic ring effluent, inhibition of platelets (blunted thromboxane B 2 generation), and inhibition of systemic inflammation (lower plasma concentration of serum amyloid P, haptoglobin). NicA treatment resulted in an approximately 2-fold higher concentration of MNA and its metabolites in urine and a 4-fold higher nicotinamide/MNA ratio in plasma, compared with MNA treatment. In summary; MNA displays pronounced antiatherosclerotic action in ApoE/LDLR 2/2 mice, an effect associated with an improvement in prostacyclin-and nitric oxide-dependent endothelial function, inhibition of platelet activation, inhibition of inflammatory burden in plaques, and diminished systemic inflammation. Despite substantially higher MNA availability after NicA treatment, compared with an equivalent dose of MNA, the antiatherosclerotic effect of NicA was not stronger. We suggest that detrimental effects of NicA or its metabolites other than MNA may limit beneficial effects of NicA-derived MNA.

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“…The inflammatory conditions of the atherosclerotic plaque are known to decrease NO levels by the means of oxidation by reactive oxygen species (Napoli et al 2006). On the other hand highprotein diet exerts a proaterogenic effect (Meeker and Kesten 1941;Kostogrys et al 2015). This effect can be attenuated by moderate physical activity, which is proved by lowered rate of atherosclerosis in running supplemented groups in comparison to non-running supplemented groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in histological structure and nitric oxide synthase expression in aorta of rats supplemented with bee pollen or whey protein

Zarobkiewicz

Sławiński

Wawryk‐Gawda

et al. 2019

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Changes in histological structure and NOS expression in aorta of rats supplemented with bee pollen or whey protein.Introduction. Various protein-based supplements are at least periodically consumed by 30-40% of sportspeople. The current study compares cardiovascular effects of diet supplementation with two different protein-rich products -bee pollen and whey proteins.Material and methods. 30 Wistar rats were divided into two parts, one subjected to daily moderate physical activity and one not. Each part consisted of three groups: one control group, one wheyprotein-supplemented and one bee-pollen-supplemented. After eight weeks rats were decapitated and proximal parts of thoracic aortas were collected, and embed in paraffin blocks. Histological slides were stained according to standard H&E, Masson's trichrome and Verhoeff-Van Gieson stainings. Special immunohistochemical stains against nNOS, eNOS and α-SMA were also prepared.Results. Histological evaluation has revealed noticeable changes in all supplemented groupsdisturbances in elastic laminae, slight increase in collagen deposition and significantly lowered nNOS and eNOS expression. The prevalence of micro atherosclerotic plaques has been the highest in not-running supplemented groups, while in running supplemented groups it has resembled the prevalence in control groups. Both running groups have had also thinner tunica media than control.Conclusions. Both supplements exerts visible effects on aortic structure, but the difference between them is far less evident. In some aspects, however; the bee pollen seems to be even slightly more harmful which may be probably related to various possible contaminants like mycotoxins or pesticides.

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Characterisation of atherogenic effects of low carbohydrate, high protein diet (LCHP) in apoE/LDLR−/− mice

Abstract: The pro-atherogenic effect of LCHP diet in apoE/LDLR-/- mice is associated with profound increase in LDL and VLDL cholesterol, VLDL triglicerides, liver SREBP-1 upregulation, and systemic inflammation.

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of Low Carbohydrate High Protein (LCHP) diet on atherosclerotic plaque phenotype in ApoE/LDLR−/− mice: FT-IR and Raman imaging

Effects of Low Carbohydrate High Protein (LCHP) diet on atherosclerotic plaque phenotype in ApoE/LDLR−/− mice: FT-IR and Raman imaging

Antiatherosclerotic Effects of 1-Methylnicotinamide in Apolipoprotein E/Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice: A Comparison with Nicotinic Acid

Changes in histological structure and nitric oxide synthase expression in aorta of rats supplemented with bee pollen or whey protein

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