Characterisation of aged charcoal using a coil probe pyrolysis-GC/MS method optimised for black carbon

Kaal, Joeri; Cortizas, Antonio Martínez; Nierop, Klaas G.J.

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2008.11.007

Cited by 99 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Pyrolysis-GC/MS was performed according to Kaal et al [34]. Briefly, 1-1.5 mg of sample was placed in fire-polished quartz tubes with quartz wool on both ends and pyrolysed using a CDS Pyroprobe 5000 Pt coil filament instrument for 10 s at 750 ºC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such material is often found in the interior part of charcoal particles [54] and is eliminated from charcoal rapidly after incorporation into soil [34]. The detection of furan and benzofuran moieties in 13 C NMR studies of charred carbohydrates [5,55] suggests that the corresponding pyrolysis products actually originate from such moieties (i.e., they are not merely secondary pyrolysis rearrangement products).…”

Section: Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been applied to BC previously [26][27][28][29][30][31], and the relationship between pyrolysis fingerprint and BC degradability was recently demonstrated by incubation studies [32][33]. Nonetheless, detailed interpretations of the data generated are scarce, especially using a relatively high pyrolysis temperature (700-750 ºC) that is considered more suitable for BC [17,[34][35]. The main objective of the present study is to (i) determine the thermal degradation of the compound groups present in ligno-cellulosic biomass (rice straw and chestnut wood) at temperatures that cover the range of both natural fires as well as common biochar preparation conditions (200-1000 ºC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid molecular screening of black carbon (biochar) thermosequences obtained from chestnut wood and rice straw: A pyrolysis-GC/MS study

Kaal

Schneider

Schmidt

2012

Biomass and Bioenergy

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Rice straw and chestnut wood were heated between 200 and 1000 °C (T CHAR ) to produce Black C 'thermosequences'. The molecular properties of the charred residues were assessed by pyrolysis-GC/MS to investigate the relation between charring intensity and pyrolysis fingerprint. Samples obtained at T CHAR > 500 ºC (wood) or > 700 ºC (straw) gave low quality pyrograms and poor reproducibility because of high thermal stability, but pyrolysis-GC/MS allowed to track the thermal degradation of the main biocomponents (polysaccharides, lignin, methylene chain-based aliphatics, triterpenoids, chlorophyll and proteins) in the lower temperature range, mostly occurring between T CHAR 250 and 500 ºC. With increasing T CHAR , the charred residues of these biocomponents lose characteristic functional groups, aromatise and finally condense into non-pyrolysable biomass. The proportions of the pyrolysis products of unspecific origin (benzene, toluene, PAHs, etc.), increase with charring intensity, while the ratios that reflect the abundance of alkyl cross-linkages between aromatic moieties (e.g. benzene/toluene, naphthalene/alkylnaphthalene) decrease. These results provide the guidelines to using pyrolysis-GC/MS for the molecular characterisation of different components in Black C and biochar, which is an important parameter for predicting Black C/biochar behaviour in soil. Results are consistent with earlier studies of these samples using the BPCA (benzenepolycarboxylic acid) method and the ring current-induced 13 Cbenzene chemical shift NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) approach. Pyrolysis-GC/MS provides more information on molecular structures in the low temperature range (T CHAR ≤ 500 ºC) while the BPCA and NMR ring current methods provide more reliable estimations of charring intensity, especially at higher temperatures (T CHAR ≥ 500 ºC).3

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid molecular screening of black carbon (biochar) thermosequences obtained from chestnut wood and rice straw: A pyrolysis-GC/MS study

Kaal

Schneider

Schmidt

2012

Biomass and Bioenergy

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“…Moreover, biochar-amended soils showed an increase in the contributions of typical pyrolysis products of charred material such as PAHs (mostly naphthalene compounds) (Fig. 1) and polysaccharide-derived compounds resulting from thermal alteration (benzofuranes, Ps11 and Ps12, and methylated furan, Ps18; Kaal et al 2008Kaal et al , 2009). The OA applications in the P study produced fewer changes in SOM molecular composition after 510-d incubation than in the R study as indicated by the smaller distances between the control soils and their corresponding OAamended counterparts (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical composition of native organic matter influences the response of bacterial community to input of biochar and fresh plant material

et al. 2015

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Aim To investigate how the chemical composition of native organic matter of two contrasting soils varies with inputs of biochar and fresh material (including plant roots) and how these underlying changes influence microbial community structure. Methods Corn stover (CS) and CS-derived biochars produced at 350°C and 550°C were applied at a dose of 7.2 t C ha −1 to two contrasting soils-an Alfisol and an Andisol. After 295 days of incubation, two undisturbed subsamples from each pot were taken: (i) in one, lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) was seeded (plant study, P) and (ii) in the other, the incubation was continued without the plants (respiration study, R); all subsamples were incubated for an additional 215 days. Soils without amendments were used as controls. At the end of the incubation (510 days), their bacterial community profiles were characterised using ARISA and the molecular composition of soil organic matter (SOM) was investigated by pyrolysis-GC/MS. Results There were significant interactions between soil type, study type (P or R) and organic amendment. Organic amendments influenced overall SOM composition with microbial community response being mainly influenced by soil type but also strongly affected by the presence or absence of plants. For a specific soil type, ≥ 40 % of total variation in bacterial community ordination could be explained by the molecular composition of SOM. Conclusions The molecular composition of SOM is proposed as an important factor influencing the microbial response to organic amendments, including biochar.

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“…O estudo da degradação de carvões ainda não está bem estabelecido, em termos de métodos e definições (COHEN-OFRI et al, 2006KAAL et al, 2009). …”

Section: Degradação Do Bcunclassified

Química da matéria orgânica e pedogênese em Latossolos húmicos sob vegetação de cerrado

Justi¹

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Química da matéria orgânica e pedogênese em Latossolos húmicos sob vegetação de cerrado Marina JustiDissertação apresentada para obtenção de título de Mestra em Ciências. RESUMO Química da matéria orgânica e pedogênese em Latossolos húmicos sob vegetação de cerradoA matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) representa um importante reservatório de carbono (C) nos ecossistemas terrestres. O conteúdo de C estocado no solo pode ser liberado para a atmosfera na forma de CO 2 , com a decomposição da MOS, ou pode ser aumentado com a entrada de resíduos e retenção da MOS. Nesse sentido, é importante entender os mecanismos de estabilidade e retenção da MOS para predizer como os solos respondem a mudanças, quer sejam elas induzidas por alterações climáticas ou por práticas de manejo. Dentro dos Latossolos, classe que ocupa cerca de 32 % do território brasileiro, há aqueles que possuem horizonte A húmico hiper espesso e, portanto, com maior estoque de C. Aspectos sobre a origem, formação e preservação do horizonte A húmico destes solos em suas ocorrências em diferentes biomas ainda não foram completamente elucidados e estão estritamente ligados à fonte, dinâmica e mecanismos de preservação e distribuição da MOS no solo. O objetivo deste trabalho é entender a gênese da MO dos Latossolos húmicos que ocorrem no Bioma Cerrado, por meio da caracterização molecular pela técnica da pirólise acoplada à cromatografia gasosa e espectroscopia de massas (pirólise -CG/EM). Para isso, foram coletadas amostras dos horizontes A em dois perfis de Latossolos com horizonte A húmico (LH1, LH2) e um perfil de Latossolo com horizonte A moderado (solo de referência; LNH) situados em superfície de aplanamento adjacente à Serra do Espinhaço, no município de Grão Mogol -MG, sob clima tropical semi-úmido e vegetação de cerrado sensu strictu. Por meio da descrição morfológica dos solos em diferentes níveis de observação (campo, lupa e microscópio) procurou-se entender melhor os mecanismos de espessamento do horizonte A e a distribuição de partículas de carvão ao longo do perfil. As amostras dos horizontes foram submetidas ao fracionamento físico e extração da MOS, gerando as seguintes frações: fração leve livre (FLL); fração leve oclusa (FLO), fração extraível com NaOH (EXT) e resíduo (RES). A morfologia dos perfis evidencia a intensa e longa atividade biológica (fauna e raízes) a que esses solos foram e estão submetidos. Isso explica a abundância de microagregados e a consequente macropososidade elevada, assim como a ampla distribuição de fragmentos de carvão em todo o horizonte A, e parte do B, com dimensões milimétricas a submilimétricas, sugerindo a fragmentação destes ao longo do tempo. Foi evidenciado o maior conteúdo de carvões nos dois LHs em comparação ao LNH. A distribuição da MOS nas frações estudadas foi a mesma para os três perfis estudados: RES>EXT>FLL>FLO, que mostra a importância da fração RES para estes solos. Produtos da carbonização (Black carbon; BC: hidrocarbonetos poliaromáticos) foram mais abundantes na fração RES e FLO, no entanto, a m...

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Characterisation of aged charcoal using a coil probe pyrolysis-GC/MS method optimised for black carbon

Cited by 99 publications

References 79 publications

Rapid molecular screening of black carbon (biochar) thermosequences obtained from chestnut wood and rice straw: A pyrolysis-GC/MS study

Rapid molecular screening of black carbon (biochar) thermosequences obtained from chestnut wood and rice straw: A pyrolysis-GC/MS study

The chemical composition of native organic matter influences the response of bacterial community to input of biochar and fresh plant material

Química da matéria orgânica e pedogênese em Latossolos húmicos sob vegetação de cerrado

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