Characterisation of a repressor gene (xre) and a temperature-sensitive allele from the Bacillus subtilis prophage, PBSX

Wood, Heather E.; Devine, Kevin M.; McConnell, David J.

doi:10.1016/0378-1119(90)90344-q

Cited by 66 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Although the physiological roles of the operator sites remain to be demonstrated by the introduction of point mutations in each of the sites, it is interesting to speculate that the binding of Xre at 01 and 02 would block both putative promoters for the rightward operon (as identified by Wood et al [13]). The evidence presented in the accompanying paper shows that genes distal to open reading frame ORF10 are involved in regulating transcription of the late operon (3).…”

Section: G a T A C A A A A T G T A T C 04 G A T A A A A A A A G T A Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overproduction, isolation, and DNA-binding characteristics of Xre, the repressor protein from the Bacillus subtilis defective prophage PBSX

McDonnell

McConnell

1994

J Bacteriol

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PBSX is a phage-like bacteriocin (phibacin) of Bacillus subtilis 168. Lysogeny is maintained by the PBSX-encoded repressor, Xre. The Xre protein was overproduced in Escherichia coli and isolated by affinity chromatography. Gel retardation and DNase I footprinting studies indicated that Xre binds to four sites close to its own gene. These sites overlap putative promoters for xre and a divergent transcriptional unit, containing the middle genes.

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Section: G a T A C A A A A T G T A T C 04 G A T A A A A A A A G T A Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to these repeats (operators [13]). In this communication we report the overproduction and purification of the Xre protein and demonstrate that it binds to the four operators identified by Wood et al (13).…”

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Overproduction, isolation, and DNA-binding characteristics of Xre, the repressor protein from the Bacillus subtilis defective prophage PBSX

McDonnell

McConnell

1994

J Bacteriol

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“…PBSX is therefore not propagated by these particles (25,26). PBSX appears to be a particulate bacteriocin which has evolved from a bacteriophage.Induction of PBSX is controlled by the repressor gene xre (6,27,40,41). The amino acid sequence of Xre predicts that it is a helix-turn-helix (HLH) protein resembling other DNAbinding proteins such as lambda cI and Cro (14, 41).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Induction of PBSX is controlled by the repressor gene xre (6,27,40,41). The amino acid sequence of Xre predicts that it is a helix-turn-helix (HLH) protein resembling other DNAbinding proteins such as lambda cI and Cro (14, 41).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The amino acid sequence of Xre predicts that it is a helix-turn-helix (HLH) protein resembling other DNAbinding proteins such as lambda cI and Cro (14,41). However, little is known about the mechanism of action of Xre, and apart from the suggestion that xre and a neighboring gene, now called open reading frame 10 (ORF10), are regulated by Xre itself, nothing is known about how the late genes are regulated (41).…”

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Genetic control of bacterial suicide: regulation of the induction of PBSX in Bacillus subtilis

et al. 1994

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PBSX is a phage-like bacteriocin (phibacin) of Bacilus subtilis 168. Bacteria carrying the PBSX genome are induced by DNA-damaging agents to lyse and produce PBSX particles. The particles cannot propagate the PBSX genome. The particles produced by this suicidal response kill strains nonlysogenic for PBSX. A 5.2-kb region which controls the induction of PBSX has been sequenced. The genes identified include the previously identified repressor gene xre and a positive control factor gene, pcf. Pcf is similar to known sigma factors and acts at the late promoter P which has been located distal to pcf. The first two genes expressed from the late promoter show homology to genes encoding the subunits of phage terminases.The defective bacteriophage PBSX of Bacillus subtilis 168 is a phage-like bacteriocin, or phibacin, with curious biological properties. PBSX lysogens exposed to DNA-damaging agents produce PBSX phage-like particles which kill other nonlysogenic Bacillus strains (25) by binding to and disrupting the cell wall. Each PBSX particle has a small head and a relatively long tail. Phage heads appear to contain randomly selected 13-kb segments of host DNA, which are not injected into susceptible cells. PBSX is therefore not propagated by these particles (25,26). PBSX appears to be a particulate bacteriocin which has evolved from a bacteriophage.Induction of PBSX is controlled by the repressor gene xre (6,27,40,41). The amino acid sequence of Xre predicts that it is a helix-turn-helix (HLH) protein resembling other DNAbinding proteins such as lambda cI and Cro (14, 41). However, little is known about the mechanism of action of Xre, and apart from the suggestion that xre and a neighboring gene, now called open reading frame 10 (ORF10), are regulated by Xre itself, nothing is known about how the late genes are regulated (41).All known structural and lytic protein genes have been shown to be clustered within a large operon of at least 19 kb in length, which appears to be expressed from a single late promoter region called PL (Fig. la) (40). A number of mutations in regulatory genes, including xin (noninducible for PBSX) and xhi (heat inducible for PBSX), are located proximal to mutations affecting phage head and tail proteins such as xhd, xtl, and xki (6, 38). A regulatory mutation, xhi-1479, renders PBSX thermoinducible (6). A 1.2-kb EcoRI fragment from a PBSX wild-type strain was found to complement the xhi-1479 mutation, and sequence analysis identified the xre gene as the site of the mutation (41). xhi-1479 is thus analogous to the cIts857 mutation of bacteriophage lambda (36 Media. B. subtilis and Escherichia coli were grown in LuriaBertani (LB) broth (1% tryptone, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl) or LB agar. For selection, media contained chloramphenicol (at 3 pug/ml for low-copy-number vectors and 5 jig/ml for higher-copy-number vectors) and kanamycin (5 pug/ml) for B. subtilis, or chloramphenicol (15 jig/ml) and ampicillin (100 pug/ml) for E. coli as appropriate. a-Amylase activity was detected by adding starch (...

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Genome wide screening to discover novel toxin–antitoxin modules in Mycobacterium indicus pranii; perspective on gene acquisition during mycobacterial evolution

Bahl,

Rakshit,

Pandey

et al. 2024

Biotech and App Biochem

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Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP), a benign saprophyte with potent immunomodulatory attributes, holds a pivotal position in mycobacterial evolution, potentially serving as the precursor to the pathogenic Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Despite its established immunotherapeutic efficacy against leprosy and notable outcomes in gram‐negative sepsis and COVID‐19 cases, the genomic and biochemical features of MIP remain largely elusive. This study explores the uncharted territory of toxin‐antitoxin (TA) systems within MIP, hypothesizing their role in mycobacterial pathogenicity regulation. Genome‐wide screening, employing diverse databases, unveils putative TA modules in MIP, setting the stage for a comparative analysis with known modules in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio cholerae. The study further delves into the TA network of MAC and Mycobacterium intracellulare, unraveling interactive properties and family characteristics of identified TA modules in MIP. This comprehensive exploration seeks to illuminate the contribution of TA modules in regulating virulence, habitat diversification, and the evolutionary pathogenicity of mycobacteria. The insights garnered from this investigation not only enhance our understanding of MIP's potential as a vaccine candidate but also hold promise in optimizing tuberculosis drug regimens for expedited recovery.

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Characterisation of a repressor gene (xre) and a temperature-sensitive allele from the Bacillus subtilis prophage, PBSX

Cited by 66 publications

References 25 publications

Overproduction, isolation, and DNA-binding characteristics of Xre, the repressor protein from the Bacillus subtilis defective prophage PBSX

Overproduction, isolation, and DNA-binding characteristics of Xre, the repressor protein from the Bacillus subtilis defective prophage PBSX

Genetic control of bacterial suicide: regulation of the induction of PBSX in Bacillus subtilis

Genome wide screening to discover novel toxin–antitoxin modules in Mycobacterium indicus pranii; perspective on gene acquisition during mycobacterial evolution

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