“…The combination of the Kerr lens-aperture acts as a fast saturable absorber and a fast passive gain modulation is obtained. At the beginning of the Kerr modelocking developments, intensity fluctuations in laser startup were not sufficient to induces strong and steady Kerr lens modelocking [9][10] so acousto-optic modulation, additive pulse modelocking, impulsive starting or other methods [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] was required before the Kerr lens effect modelocking. Self-starting Kerr lens modelocking was obtained by use of highly nonlinear Kerr effect gain medium.…”