Characterisation of a Campanian deep-sea fan system in the Norwegian Sea by means of ichnofabrics

Knaust, Dirk

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.09.009

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…(Heard and Pickering, 2008). Deep (up to several metres), vertical or oblique, U-shaped burrows appear to be common in mudstones within channel belts (see Gérard & Bromley 2008;Hubbard & Shultz 2008;Knaust 2009;Callow et al 2013a). Such burrows are created by as yet unknown organisms into cohesive firmground substrates on exhumed canyon walls or on the margins of slumped blocks that have been eroded from the channel margin (Hayward, 1976).…”

Section: Ichnological Characteristics Of Channel-related Thin-bedded mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Planolites or Phycosiphon), many trace fossils have more spatially restricted distributions, which permits their use in palaeoenvironmental characterization. Large trace fossils such as Thalassinoides and Ophiomorpha that are likely formed by burrowing crustaceans are most common in low abundances in sand-rich turbidites of channel belts, and in the proximal regions of submarine fans (e.g Heard & Pickering 2008;Knaust 2009;Uchman 2009;. Cummings & Hodgson 2011; Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genesis and character of thin-bedded turbidites associated with submarine channels

Hansen

Callow

Kane

et al. 2015

Marine and Petroleum Geology

112

129

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Submarine channel related thin-bedded turbidites are deposited in environments such as external levees, internal levees, depositional terraces and at times of channel abandonment.Thin-bedded turbidites are defined as beds that are less than 10cm thick, but the described environments can at times contain beds up to 50cm thick which would be classified as medium or thick-bedded (Boggs, 2006). This paper addresses many examples of these environments from the modern seafloor, outcrop and the subsurface to suggest criteria that assist in the differentiation of levees and terraces from an architectural, sedimentological, M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 ichnological and hydrocarbon reservoir perspective. External levees confine channel belts and are elongate sedimentary deposits that are a product of over-spill of turbidity currents from the channel belt they confine. External levees often have predictable vertical, lateral and downstream changes but can commonly be modified by collapse of the inner external levee into the channel, collapse on the outer external levee, sediment waves, and interaction of external levees with topographic features such as other channels, other external levees, basin margins or previous slump/slide blocks, which can greatly modify the sand distribution within them.A combination of internal levees, depositional terraces and slide blocks of external levee sediment make up thin-bedded turbidites within channel belts. We differentiate between wedge shaped internal levees and topographically flat or subdued depositional terraces whose differing geometries and sand distribution reflect the fact that the flow processes involved in the formation of these deposits are different. The characteristic wedge shape of an internal levee requires sufficient space within the channel belt for the over-spilling current to decelerate and deposit the majority of its suspended sediment before reaching the bounding topography of the channel belt. In the case of depositional terraces the space available in the channel belt is insufficient for the current to deposit the majority of its sediment before reaching the bounding topography of the channel belt, creating confined sheet-like deposits.External levees, internal levees and depositional terraces have distinct sedimentological characteristics such as sand bed thickness trends and sedimentary structures that can be used to distinguish them. Together with sedimentological characteristics, in some systems these thin-bedded turbidite deposits contain distinctive trace fossil assemblages, where channel proximal deposits such as proximal external levees, internal levees and depositional terraces M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3 can have much higher biodiversity than sand-rich channel axes and more mud-dominated outer external levees.The depositional sites for internal levees and depositional terraces within channel belts can be formed by various processes such as entrenchment, point bar accretion, meander bend cutoff, ...

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Section: Ichnological Characteristics Of Channel-related Thin-bedded mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis and character of thin-bedded turbidites associated with submarine channels

Hansen

Callow

Kane

et al. 2015

Marine and Petroleum Geology

112

129

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“…Comprising unburrowed to completely bioturbated fine-to very-fine sandstones and mudstones, the Nise Formation constitutes an important reservoir unit in the Møre Basin (Polo, 2013) and Vøring Basin (Knaust, 2009b). The bioturbated intervals (BI 3-6) within the Nise Formation have a rich diversity of ichnofauna that includes: Thalassinoides, Planolites, Nereites, Teichichnus, Asterosoma, Palaeophycus, Rhizocorallium, Phycosiphon, Zoophycos, Arenicolites, Scolicia, Rosselia, Schaubcylindrichnus, Skolithos, Helminthopsis, and Chondrites.…”

Section: Upper Cretaceous Nise Formation Norwegian Sea Norwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Associating X-Ray Microtomography with Permeability Contrasts in Bioturbated Media

Baniak

Croix

Polo

et al. 2014

Ichnos

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The use of X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) to evaluate the contrasts in permeability associated with bioturbation in twoand three-dimensions (2D and 3D) is investigated in this article. Core analysis, spot-permeametry measurements, and petrographic thin-sections of the six different datasets from Western Canada (Debolt Formation, Wabamun Group, and Medicine Hat Member) and offshore Norway (Ula Formation, Lysing Formation, and Nise Formation) show that the trace fossils commonly modify the permeability and porosity of the reservoir through sediment reworking and diagenesis of the sediment. In this study, micro-CT techniques are used to analyze the X-ray attenuation associated with bioturbation in siliciclastics and carbonates. Because X-ray attenuation represents the transmissivity or absorptivity of a sample to the incident X-rays, each of which is related to sediment composition and sediment densities, micro-CT images are integrated with sedimentological data and petrographic data to identify the trace fossils and matrix in 2D and 3D. Due to the difference in sediment grain size and sorting (i.e., porosity) within the burrows and matrix, analysis of the X-ray attenuations allows for their delineation in 2D cross-sectional images. When processed as 3D volumes, the micro-CT images show the complexity in burrow connectivity and burrow orientations within a sample. More importantly, the 3D volumes help show the distribution of porosity that can be linked to measured permeability values within a sample. Quantification of the heterogeneous burrow fabric on reservoir and resource quality is made from these processed micro-CT images.

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“…It is a good indicator of firmgrounds, stiffground (softgrounds) and hardgrounds (Myrow 1995;MacEachern and Burton 2000;Savrda et al 2001;Malpas et al 2005;MacEachern et al 2007b;Knaust 2009;Pearson et al 2012). It is usually found in oxygenated substrates Pruss and Bottjer 2004;Uchman 2004, 2010;Giannetti and McCann 2010).…”

Section: Thalassinoides Ichnoassociation (Ia 3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace fossils from the Lower Muschelkalk of Raciborowice Górne (North Sudetic Synclinorium, SW Poland) and their palaeoenvironmental interpretation

Chrząstek¹

2013

Acta Geologica Polonica

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The following trace fossils have been recognised in the Lower Muschelkalk of Raciborowice Gorne (North Sudetic Synclinorium, SW Poland): Archaeonassa fossulata, Balanoglossites triadicus, ?Gastrochaenolites isp., Lockeia isp., Palaeophycus tubularis, Palaeophycus isp., ?Planolites beverleyensis, P. montanus, Planolites isp., ?Protovirgularia isp., Rhizocorallium commune var. auriforme, R. commune var. irregulare, R. jenense, Skolithos linearis, Thalassinoides suevicus and Trypanites weisei. Coprolites and an unidentified trace fossil A are also described. The trace fossils allow the discrimination of five ichnoassociations in the Raciborowice Gorne section: (IA 1) Rhizocorallium- Pholeus, (IA 2) Rhizocorallium-Palaeophycus, (IA 3) Thalassinoides, (IA 4) Trypanites-Balanoglossites and (IA 5) Planolites-Palaeophycus. The Lower Muschelkalk succession was deposited on a shallow carbonate ramp affected by frequent storms. Deposition commenced with sedimentation in a restricted lagoon on the inner ramp with a short episode of sabkha formation. It continued on the middle and outer ramp and then on a skeletal shoal of the outer ramp and in an open basin. Ichnoassociation IA 5 is related to a maximum transgression that commenced with the deposition of the Spiriferina Bed and which probably marked the opening of the Silesian-Moravian Gate. The basin underwent two shallowing episodes, as evidenced by ichnoassociations IA 3-IA 4, resulting in the formation of hardgrounds. Bathymetric changes in the Raciborowice Gorne section correspond well with a general transgressive trend in the Germanic Basin.

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Characterisation of a Campanian deep-sea fan system in the Norwegian Sea by means of ichnofabrics

Cited by 46 publications

References 34 publications

Genesis and character of thin-bedded turbidites associated with submarine channels

Genesis and character of thin-bedded turbidites associated with submarine channels

Associating X-Ray Microtomography with Permeability Contrasts in Bioturbated Media

Trace fossils from the Lower Muschelkalk of Raciborowice Górne (North Sudetic Synclinorium, SW Poland) and their palaeoenvironmental interpretation

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