Characterisation of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) homologue of the Arabidopsis flowering time regulator GIGANTEA

Dunford, Roy P.; Griffiths, Simon; Christodoulou, Vangelis; Laurie, D. A.

doi:10.1007/s00122-004-1912-5

Cited by 83 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…5A). This expression profile was very similar to those found earlier in barley and A. thaliana grown under 8/16-and 16/8-h light/dark cycles (19,25). The level of Gigantea transcript in BW289 was similar to the peak value of Bowman at several time points and did not fluctuate to a similar extent.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Induced mutations in circadian clock regulator Mat-a facilitated short-season adaptation and range extension in cultivated barley

Zakhrabekova

Gough

Braumann

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

184

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Time to flowering has an important impact on yield and has been a key trait in the domestication of crop plants and the spread of agriculture. In 1961, the cultivar Mari (mat-a.8) was the very first induced early barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutant to be released into commercial production. Mari extended the range of two-row spring barley cultivation as a result of its photoperiod insensitivity. Since its release, Mari or its derivatives have been used extensively across the world to facilitate short-season adaptation and further geographic range extension. By exploiting an extended historical collection of early-flowering mutants of barley, we identified Praematurum-a (Mat-a), the gene responsible for this key adaptive phenotype, as a homolog of the Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock regulator Early Flowering 3 (Elf3). We characterized 87 induced mat-a mutant lines and identified >20 different mata alleles that had clear mutations leading to a defective putative ELF3 protein. Expression analysis of HvElf3 and Gigantea in mutant and wild-type plants demonstrated that mat-a mutations disturb the flowering pathway, leading to the early phenotype. Alleles of Mat-a therefore have important and demonstrated breeding value in barley but probably also in many other daylength-sensitive crop plants, where they may tune adaptation to different geographic regions and climatic conditions, a critical issue in times of global warming.earliness | food security | timing of flowering | molecular breeding | synteny

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Induced mutations in circadian clock regulator Mat-a facilitated short-season adaptation and range extension in cultivated barley

Zakhrabekova

Gough

Braumann

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Figure 4B shows that the LATE1 transcript shows rhythmic accumulation under light/dark cycles, peaking at dusk under 8-h SD conditions and 4 h before dusk under 16-h LD. The phase of the LATE1 rhythm under LD and SD is also consistent with that observed for Arabidopsis GI and orthologs in a number of other species (Fowler Park et al, 1999;Hayama et al, 2003;Dunford et al, 2005;Zhao et al, 2005).…”

Section: The Accumulation Of Late1 Transcript Is Regulated By Light Asupporting

confidence: 85%

Pea LATE BLOOMER1 Is a GIGANTEA Ortholog with Roles in Photoperiodic Flowering, Deetiolation, and Transcriptional Regulation of Circadian Clock Gene Homologs

et al. 2007

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Genes controlling the transition to flowering have been studied in several species, including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa), but have not yet received much attention in legumes. Here, we describe a new allelic series of lateflowering, photoperiod-insensitive mutants in the pea (Pisum sativum) LATE BLOOMER1 (LATE1) gene and show that LATE1 is an ortholog of Arabidopsis GIGANTEA. Mutants display defects in phytochrome B-dependent deetiolation under red light and in the diurnal regulation of pea homologs of several Arabidopsis circadian clock genes, including TIMING OF CAB1, EARLY FLOWERING4, and CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1/LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL. LATE1 itself shows strongly rhythmic expression with a small but distinct acute peak following dark-to-light transfer. Mutations in LATE1 prevent the induction of a FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homolog FTL in long days but cause only minor alteration to the rhythmic expression pattern of the only known group Ia CONSTANS homolog COLa. The late-flowering phenotype of late1 mutants can be completely rescued by grafting to the wild type, but this rescue is not associated with a significant increase in FTL transcript level in shoot apices. Genetic interactions of late1 with the photoperiod-insensitive, early-flowering sterile nodes (sn) mutant and impairment of the LATE1 diurnal expression rhythm in sn plants suggest that SN may also affect the circadian clock. These results show that several functions of Arabidopsis GIGANTEA are conserved in its pea ortholog and demonstrate that genetic pathways for photoperiodic flowering are likely to be conserved between these two species. They also suggest that in addition to its role in the floral transition, LATE1 also acts throughout reproductive development.

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“…GI is conserved within the plant kingdom and regulates a variety of phenotypes such as growth of the hypocotyl, flowering time, cold resistance, and starch accumulation (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). The peak of GI expression occurs in the evening in various plant species and is regulated by the circadian clock (12,25,26,(30)(31)(32). To monitor GI expression at high temporal resolution and in a large number of genotypes, we fused a 2.5-Kb fragment of the GI promoter to the luciferase (LUC) marker gene.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural diversity in daily rhythms of gene expression contributes to phenotypic variation

Montaigu

Giakountis

Rubin

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Daily rhythms of gene expression provide a benefit to most organisms by ensuring that biological processes are activated at the optimal time of day. Although temporal patterns of expression control plant traits of agricultural importance, how natural genetic variation modifies these patterns during the day and how precisely these patterns influence phenotypes is poorly understood. The circadian clock regulates the timing of gene expression, and natural variation in circadian rhythms has been described, but circadian rhythms are measured in artificial continuous conditions that do not reflect the complexity of biologically relevant day/ night cycles. By studying transcriptional rhythms of the eveningexpressed gene GIGANTEA (GI) at high temporal resolution and during day/night cycles, we show that natural variation in the timing of GI expression occurs mostly under long days in 77 Arabidopsis accessions. This variation is explained by natural alleles that alter light sensitivity of GI, specifically in the evening, and that act at least partly independent of circadian rhythms. Natural alleles induce precise changes in the temporal waveform of GI expression, and these changes have detectable effects on PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 expression and growth. Our findings provide a paradigm for how natural alleles act within day/night cycles to precisely modify temporal gene expression waveforms and cause phenotypic diversity. Such alleles could confer an advantage by adjusting the activity of temporally regulated processes without severely disrupting the circadian system. diurnal | circadian | rhythms | Arabidopsis | GIGANTEA

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Characterisation of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) homologue of the Arabidopsis flowering time regulator GIGANTEA

Cited by 83 publications

References 34 publications

Induced mutations in circadian clock regulator Mat-a facilitated short-season adaptation and range extension in cultivated barley

Induced mutations in circadian clock regulator Mat-a facilitated short-season adaptation and range extension in cultivated barley

Pea LATE BLOOMER1 Is a GIGANTEA Ortholog with Roles in Photoperiodic Flowering, Deetiolation, and Transcriptional Regulation of Circadian Clock Gene Homologs

Natural diversity in daily rhythms of gene expression contributes to phenotypic variation

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