Characterisation, control, and energy management of electrified turbocharged diesel engines

Abstract

The electrification of engine components offers significant opportunities for fuel efficiency improvements. The electrified turbocharger is one of the most attractive options since it recovers part of the engine exhaust gas mechanical energy to assist boosting. Therefore, the engine can be downsized through improved transient responsiveness. In the electrified turbocharger, an electric machine is mounted on the turbine shaft and changes the air system dynamics, so characterisation of the new layout is essential. A systematic control solution is required to manage energy flows in the hybrid system. In this paper, a framework for characterisation, control, and energy management for an electrified turbocharged diesel engine is proposed. The impacts of the electric machine on fuel economy and air system variables are analysed. Based on the characterisation, a two-level control structure is proposed. A real-time energy management strategy is employed as the supervisory level controller to generate the optimal values of critical variables, while a model-based multi-variable controller is designed as the low level controller to track the values. The two controllers work together in a cascade to address both fuel economy optimisation and battery state-of-charge maintenance. The proposed control strategy is validated on a high fidelity physical engine model. The tracking performance shows the proposed framework is a promising solution in regulating the behavior of electrified engines. Electrified turbocharged diesel engines, energy management, real-time optimisation, multi-variable control 2 Highlights• A real-time energy management framework for electrified engines is proposed.• A multi-variable robust controller is designed.• Characterisation on the air system of electrified diesel engines is given.• Reliable for engine downsizing because of the promising transient performance.

Impact of potential engine malfunctions on fuel consumption and gaseous emissions of a Euro VI diesel truck

“…Extensive studies have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness and significance of individual engine technologies on fuel economy and emissions performance, such as turbocharging [8,9], injection pressure [10] and timing [11][12][13], exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) [12][13][14], diesel particulate filter (DPF) [15], diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) [16,17] and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) [18,19]. Although all the new vehicles are designed to comply with specific emission regulations, their in-service performance would not achieve the same standards due to deterioration, improper maintenance, tampering or failure of the engine control and exhaust after-treatment systems [20].…”

MIMO Control of a Turbogenerator for Energy Recovery

“…However, modern controller methods can use tuning via non-smooth H ∞ synthesis method as in [15] which takes into account internal couplings [16]. Soft objectives (settling time and steady state error) and hard constraints (gain and phase margin) are performance targets.…”

Time-Optimal Low-Level Control and Gearshift Strategies for the Formula 1 Hybrid Electric Powertrain

“…The sizing of the powertrain components [12], of the drivetrain [13,14] or the design of the powertrain topology [15] were also discussed in previous works. For feedback control, equivalent consumption minimization strategies have been applied for fuel consumption minimization [16,17] considering also pollutant emissions [18], the battery state of health [19] or turbocompounding [20,21]. Furthermore, the integer nature of gears and the engine on/off choice were tackled with iterative algorithms [7], Pontryagin's minimum principle [22,23], dynamic programming [8,23], outer convexification [24][25][26][27][28] and shooting or bisection methods [29,30].…”