Character of slip and stress due to interaction between fault segments along the dip direction of a subduction zone

Ariyoshi, Keisuke; Matsuzawa, Toru; Yabe, Yasuo; Kato, Naoyuki; Hino, Ryota; Hasegawa, Akira; Kaneda, Yasufumi

doi:10.1016/j.jog.2009.06.001

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…In this framework, faults can be stressed well below failure (with a ratio of shear to normal stress, τ / σ n , lower than static friction μ s ) almost everywhere along the fault, yet break spontaneously. Only a small portion of the fault needs to reach failure to nucleate a rupture, and slip can propagate into regions of velocity‐ or slip‐strengthening frictional behavior (e.g., Kaneko et al., 2010; Thomas et al., 2014) depending on the patterns of static and dynamic stress transfer arising from the initial fault prestress and frictional properties (e.g., Ariyoshi et al., 2009; Cochard & Madariaga, 1996; Rundle et al., 1984). However, few dynamic rupture models exist for normal fault earthquakes and these are restricted to planar faults (Oglesby et al., 1998, 2000, 2008; Aochi, 2018; Aochi & Twardzik, 2020; Gallovič et al., 2019; Tinti et al., 2021); to the best of our knowledge dynamic rupture models have not been used to explore conditions allowing LANF rupture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamics of Unlikely Slip: 3D Modeling of Low‐Angle Normal Fault Rupture at the Mai'iu Fault, Papua New Guinea

Biemiller

Gabriel

Ulrich

2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Normal-sense slip on shallowly dipping (<30°) detachment faults has helped accommodate tens of kilometers of geologically recorded localized extension in a variety of rift settings (e.g., Collettini, 2011). The mechanics of these low-angle normal faults (LANFs) have been extensively debated because such shallowly dipping normal faults appear to defy classic fault mechanical theory. Anderson-Byerlee frictional fault reactivation theory predicts that extension of crustal rocks with Byerlee friction (0.6 ≤ static friction coefficient, μ s ≤ 0.85) in an Andersonian stress field (characterized by one vertical principal stress direction) should form normal faults

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamics of Unlikely Slip: 3D Modeling of Low‐Angle Normal Fault Rupture at the Mai'iu Fault, Papua New Guinea

Biemiller

Gabriel

Ulrich

2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…It has been observed that this segmentation has a strong influence on seismic rupture patterns [Burgmann et al, 2005;Hetland and Hager, 2006;Chlieh et al, 2008;Kaneko et al, 2010;Perfettini et al, 2010;Chlieh et al, 2011;Loveless and Meade, 2011]: locked segments may rupture independently or together with neighboring patches, producing irregular earthquakes of different sizes. This complex behavior arises from the interaction of stress transfer, levels of prestress, and fault friction properties [Rundle et al, 1984;Cochard and Madariaga, 1996;Ariyoshi et al, 2009;Kaneko et al, 2010].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi‐dynamic versus fully dynamic simulations of earthquakes and aseismic slip with and without enhanced coseismic weakening

et al. 2014

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Physics‐based numerical simulations of earthquakes and slow slip, coupled with field observations and laboratory experiments, can, in principle, be used to determine fault properties and potential fault behaviors. Because of the computational cost of simulating inertial wave‐mediated effects, their representation is often simplified. The quasi‐dynamic (QD) approach approximately accounts for inertial effects through a radiation damping term. We compare QD and fully dynamic (FD) simulations by exploring the long‐term behavior of rate‐and‐state fault models with and without additional weakening during seismic slip. The models incorporate a velocity‐strengthening (VS) patch in a velocity‐weakening (VW) zone, to consider rupture interaction with a slip‐inhibiting heterogeneity. Without additional weakening, the QD and FD approaches generate qualitatively similar slip patterns with quantitative differences, such as slower slip velocities and rupture speeds during earthquakes and more propensity for rupture arrest at the VS patch in the QD cases. Simulations with additional coseismic weakening produce qualitatively different patterns of earthquakes, with near‐periodic pulse‐like events in the FD simulations and much larger crack‐like events accompanied by smaller events in the QD simulations. This is because the FD simulations with additional weakening allow earthquake rupture to propagate at a much lower level of prestress than the QD simulations. The resulting much larger ruptures in the QD simulations are more likely to propagate through the VS patch, unlike for the cases with no additional weakening. Overall, the QD approach should be used with caution, as the QD simulation results could drastically differ from the true response of the physical model considered.

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“…Q: Quaternary stream terrace and alluvial fan deposits close to point A, T: Tertiary sandstone and siltstone (Rockwell et al 1984). Ventura anticline (see folded Q unit) formed due to crustal shortening above the Ventura fault (Hubbard et al 2014) enough and exhibit 'stick-slip' behavior (Ampuero and Rubin 2008;Ariyoshi et al 2009). We test three frictional behaviors for the décollement: velocitystrengthening (Case 1), unstable velocity-weakening (Case 2), and conditionally stable velocity-weakening (Case 3).…”

Section: Modeling Assumptions: Fault Geometry and Friction Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics-Based Scenario of Earthquake Cycles on the Ventura Thrust System, California: The Effect of Variable Friction and Fault Geometry

Qing

Barbot

Hubbard

2019

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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The Ventura Thrust system in California is capable of producing large magnitude earthquakes. Geological studies suggest that the fault geometry is complex, composed of multiple segments at different dips: thrust ramps dipping 30°-50°linked with bed-parallel décollements dipping \ 10°. These latter types of gently dipping faults form due to preexisting weaknesses in the crust, and therefore have different frictional parameters from thrust ramps; the faults also experience different stresses because of how stresses are resolved onto the fault planes. Here, we use a twodimensional fault model to assess how geometry and frictional properties of the ramp/décollement system should affect the seismic cycle. We test velocity-strengthening, velocity-weakening, and conditionally stable décollements, and in addition explore how the dip angle of the décollement changes the earthquake behavior. A velocity-strengthening décollement cannot replicate the throughgoing earthquake ruptures that have been inferred for the Ventura fault system. We therefore suggest that this and other décollements may be better represented using a velocity-weakening or conditionally stable response. Our results show that minor variations in fault geometry produce slip amounts and recurrence intervals that differ only by 10-20%, but do not fundamentally alter the types of earthquakes and interseismic slip. We conclude that geological constraints on fault geometry are typically sufficient to produce modeled earthquake sequences that are statistically consistent with paleoseismic records. However, both frictional parameters along the fault and effective normal stress influence earthquake rupture patterns significantly. More research is needed to adequately constrain these quantities in order for earthquake rupture models to work as effective predictors of fault behavior.

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Character of slip and stress due to interaction between fault segments along the dip direction of a subduction zone

Cited by 10 publications

References 86 publications

The Dynamics of Unlikely Slip: 3D Modeling of Low‐Angle Normal Fault Rupture at the Mai'iu Fault, Papua New Guinea

The Dynamics of Unlikely Slip: 3D Modeling of Low‐Angle Normal Fault Rupture at the Mai'iu Fault, Papua New Guinea

Quasi‐dynamic versus fully dynamic simulations of earthquakes and aseismic slip with and without enhanced coseismic weakening

Physics-Based Scenario of Earthquake Cycles on the Ventura Thrust System, California: The Effect of Variable Friction and Fault Geometry

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