Character and Behavior of Mist Generated by Application of Cutting Fluid to a Rotating Cylindrical Workpiece, Part 2: Experimental Validation

Sun, J.; Ju, C.; Yue, Yan; Gunter, Kenneth L.; Michalek, Donna J.; Sutherland, John W.

doi:10.1115/1.1765151

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The figures show that as the angular position increases, the drop size is reduced. Also shown in the figures are the drop diameters predicted by Sun et al (2004). An examination of …”

Section: Effect Of Angular Position (Test Set 2)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Atomization may occur when a cutting fluid stream=jet impacts a rotating or stationary object. Recently, the behavior of mist particles produced by atomization has been studied by Yue et al (1996Yue et al ( , 2000aYue et al ( , b, 2004, Chen et al (1999), Siow et al (2001), and Sun et al (2004). Models have been presented by these researchers to describe droplet atomization and the resulting mist behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an Imaging System and Its Application in the Study of Cutting Fluid Atomization in a Turning Process

Sun

Michalek

et al. 2008

Particulate Science and Technology

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Airborne inhalable particulates in the workplace can represent a significant health hazard, and one of the primary sources of particles is mist produced through the application of cutting fluids in machining operations. One of the principal mechanisms associated with cutting fluid mist formation is atomization. Atomization is studied by applying cutting fluid to a rotating workpiece such as found in a turning process. In order to properly study the atomization mechanism, an imaging system was developed. This system extends the size measurement range typically achievable with aerosol sampling devices to include larger particles. Experimental observations reveal that workpiece rotation speed and cutting fluid flow rate have significant effects on the size of the droplets produced by the atomization mechanism. With respect to atomization, the technical literature describes models for fluid interaction with the rotating workpiece and droplet formation via drop, ligament, and film formation modes. Experimental measurements are compared with model predictions. For a range of rotation speeds and fluid application flow rates, the experimental data are seen to compare favorably with the model predictions.

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“…The figures show that as the angular position increases, the drop size is reduced. Also shown in the figures are the drop diameters predicted by Sun et al (2004). An examination of …”

Section: Effect Of Angular Position (Test Set 2)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Imaging System and Its Application in the Study of Cutting Fluid Atomization in a Turning Process

Sun

Michalek

et al. 2008

Particulate Science and Technology

Self Cite

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“…The light distribution in the image plane of focus of a diffraction-limited lens arises from Fraunhofer diffraction. To obtain a complete understanding of the structure of an optical image, the light distribution in the geometrical plane of focus and those regions near the image plane of focus have been studied by Born and Wolf [22]. Knowledge of the three-dimensional (Fresnel) distribution near the image plane of focus is very important in interpreting blurred images.…”

Section: Dimensional Point Spread Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge of the three-dimensional (Fresnel) distribution near the image plane of focus is very important in interpreting blurred images. Pioneering contributions to our understanding of the properties of the out-of-focus monochromatic images of a point source by a circular aperture were made by E. Lommel [22]. Lommel used a convergent series of Bessel functions to describe the disturbance and conducted experiments to confirm the predicted phenomena.…”

Section: Dimensional Point Spread Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Calibration Approach to Obtain Cutting Fluid Droplet Sizes in a Turning Process via an Imaging System

Michalek

Sutherland

2012

Part & Part Syst Charact

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Airborne inhalable particulate in the workplace can represent a significant health hazard, and one of the primary sources of particles is mist produced through the application of cutting fluids in machining operations. The atomization process is one of the principal mechanisms associated with cutting fluid mist formation and generates droplets from fifty to a few thousand micrometers in size. These particles subsequently undergo vaporization and settling effects resulting in an aerosol to which workers may be exposed. While a variety of equipment is available to characterize the fine particulate in the breathing zone, standard equipment to measure the size of the atomized droplets is not available. In this paper, an imaging system is employed to characterize the large droplets produced by atomization in turning. One of the drawbacks of such a system is the time‐consuming experimental calibration procedure that is required to improve the accuracy of the droplet size measurements and extend the depth of field of the imaging system. With this in mind, an approach is introduced to predict droplet diameter based on measurement data without physical system calibration. The relationship between the actual diameter and the measured diameter is established based on an imaging system simulation model that includes a three dimensional point spread function and an image formation relationship grounded in the principles of geometric optics. These two components are combined using convolution integral theory to derive an image intensity profile. The introduction of halo width into the simulation greatly extends the image depth of field, which is a critical factor in capturing more droplets in one image and also minimizing particle size distribution bias towards larger droplets. The model predicts droplet diameter as a function of measured diameter and halo width. Model behavior of predicted diameters from the simulation compares well with those from a physical calibration of the system. The numerical calibration model is then used in the study of cutting fluid atomization in a turning process, and the measured droplet size distribution compares favorably with droplet sizes predicted by a mechanistic atomization model.

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“…Theoretically, 6  c , but practically it is impossible because the centrifugal force exceeds the surface tension at the formation of droplets. In this process, the distribution of D is determined by fluctuation amplitude.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Generation Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Metal Machining Fluid Oil Mist Microparticles

Li¹,

Zhao²,

Jia³

et al. 2014

IJCA

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Based on the dangers of suspended oil mist microparticles from machining to the environment and health of worker. A theoretical analysis on the generation mechanism of cutting fluid oil mist and an experimental study on its influencing factors were carried out in this paper. The experiment was conducted in closed lathe with flood cutting fluid feed system. A droplet diameter measuring system was equipped in the dense region of oil mist, which enables to observe the droplet distribution in air and scan the morphology of a single droplet accurately through its confocal microscopy. Droplet distribution and diameter were calculated through computer. In the experiment, effects of influencing factors on the oil mist concentration and average droplet diameter were discussed by controlling the revolutions per minute (rpm) of the main axis and cutting fluid flow, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated a significant effect of rpm on the characteristics of cutting fluid oil mist.As the rpm increased, the average droplet diameter decreased, whereas the oil mist concentration increased. As the cutting fluid flow increased, both of average droplet diameter and oil mist concentration increased.

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Character and Behavior of Mist Generated by Application of Cutting Fluid to a Rotating Cylindrical Workpiece, Part 2: Experimental Validation

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Development of an Imaging System and Its Application in the Study of Cutting Fluid Atomization in a Turning Process

Development of an Imaging System and Its Application in the Study of Cutting Fluid Atomization in a Turning Process

A Numerical Calibration Approach to Obtain Cutting Fluid Droplet Sizes in a Turning Process via an Imaging System

Experimental Study on Generation Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Metal Machining Fluid Oil Mist Microparticles

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