Char‐Supported Pd Complex of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene: A Novel Recyclable Catalyst for Coupling Reaction

Abstract

For the first time Salvia officinalis plant was applied as a biosource for the fabrication of hydrochar via hydrothermal process. The resultant char was then utilized as a support for the stabilization of N-heterocyclic carbene-palladium complex. To this purpose, hydrochar was magnetized and successively functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, and 1-methylimidazole and then reacted with Pd(OAc) 2. The obtained composite was characterized via XRD, TEM, ICP, BET, VSM, EDS, TGA, FTIR and elemental mapping analysis and then applied for catalyzing Suzuki coupling reaction in aqueous media under mild reaction condition. To optimize the reaction, the influences of the reaction parameters were scrutinized. It was found out that low content of the catalyst could promote the reaction of various starting materials to furnish the products in high yields. Experiments also affirmed high recyclability of the catalyst with unremarkable Pd leaching. The study of the nature of the catalysis established that the catalysis was heterogeneous.