Chapter two: methodologies for characterisation of combustion sources and for quantification of their emissions

Mitra, Abhijit; Morawska, Lidia; Sharma, C.; Zhang, Junfeng Jim

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00236-9

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Mn was calculated as common source marker PM 2.5 emissions from FEMNI and EAW. Distinct observations of source markers of PM 2.5 emissions from selected source sites compared to those reported earlier (Mitra et al, 2002;Viana et al, 2006;Watson et al, 2008) is attributed to the importance of development of region specific source profiles to obtained precise results of receptor modeling.…”

Section: Source Markersmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In addition, RSFS has shown OC/EC ratio of 6.9; two and and TC were eliminated for double counting in sum%. , OC, EC Watson et al, 2001 Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, Zn As, Cl, K, Mg, Na,NO Watson et al, 2008; b Mitra et al, 2002;c Viana et al, 2008;d Viana et al, 2006. five-fold higher compared to RKS and RLPGS, respectively. On considering the biogenic markers (K + and NH 4 + ), higher values of K + /K ratio (0.89-0.97) and NH 4 + abundance compared to those found in crustal origin and industrial emitted PM 2.5 is attributed to the fact that biogenic sources are dominating in PM 2.5 emissions from household solid fuel burning practices involved with cooking purposes.…”

Section: Residential Fuel Stovesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A normalization procedure has been applied according to Mitra et al (2002) and Kong et al (2011) to minimize the effect of physical parameters. Normalized individual species concentration was used by dividing the i th individual species ij concentration to the sum of i th individual concentration for all the source profiles (Kong et al, 2011).…”

Section: Source Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water soluble K + , marker of vegetative and biomass burning sources (Watson et al, 2002(Watson et al, , 2008, F -and Ca 2+ were evaluated to be the similar source markers of PM 2.5 emissions from burning practices involved with MSWB and RSFS; whereas RKS and RLPGS have shown distinct source markers with major marker groups of (F -and V) and (S and Mo), respectively. Arsenic (As) was found common source marker of PM 2.5 emissions from CTPP, SPI, and BKP; one of prominent trace element marker of emissions resulting from coal burning (Mitra et al, 2002). Mn was calculated as common source marker PM 2.5 emissions from FEMNI and EAW.…”

Section: Source Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PM2.5 Chemical Source Profiles of Emissions Resulting from Industrial and Domestic Burning Activities in India

Matawle

Pervez

Dewangan

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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A study has been performed to develop PM 2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5) chemically speciated source profiles of different industrial and domestic burning practices in India. A total of fifty-five PM 2.5 samples have been collected in emissions resulting from (1) industrial furnaces, (2) household fuels, (3) municipal solid waste burning, and (4) welding workshop burning practices, and categorized for eleven subtypes of sources. The collected samples were subjected to chemical analysis for twenty-one elemental (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, Se, V, Zn), nine ionic (Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , NH 4 + , Cl -, F -, NO 3 -, SO 4 2-), OC, and EC source indicator species using atomic absorption spectrometry, ion chromatography and carbon analysis (thermal/optical transmittance method), respectively. The carbonaceous fraction was most abundant in household fuel burning emissions (47.6 ± 7.45% to 65.92 ± 13.13%). The ionic/elemental ratios of major inorganic constituents (Ca 2+ /Ca, Mg 2+ /Mg and Na + /Na) have been identified to describe the PM 2.5 emissions from combustion or re-suspension dusts during industrial activities. Brick Kiln processes (BKP) have been identified as the major emitter of the highest number of toxic species (Cd, Co, Mo, Sb and V), followed by steel rerolling mills (Hg and Pb) and steel processing industries (As, Ni). The source marker calculations also confirmed that K + , Mn, and As are good markers for biomass burning, metallurgical industrial emission, and coal burning, respectively, similar to the findings in previous studies.

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Section: Source Markersmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Residential Fuel Stovesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Source Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Source Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

PM2.5 Chemical Source Profiles of Emissions Resulting from Industrial and Domestic Burning Activities in India

Matawle

Pervez

Dewangan

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1). Most of the source emission rate estimation methods (Mitra et al, 2002;Wallace et al, 2004;Mullen et al, 2011) use the concept of mass balance between generation and ventilation removal of the monitored number/mass concentration-size spectrum data. Quite often, this procedure may not be adequate for strong sources such as that due to combustion unless the joint effect of coagulation and ventilation is properly addressed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Coagulation Coefficient Approach for Estimating Particle Number Emission Rates for Strong Emission Sources

Anand

Bathula

Mayya

2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Particle number emission rate is one of the important parameters that characterizes the emission source and it is an essential input to the aerosol dynamics models. Estimation of this quantity at the source is rather complicated due to the combined action of ventilation and coagulation on the depletion of particle number concentrations. Techniques to estimate number emission rate are still at preliminary stage and hence there is a definite need to develop a methodology for this purpose. In the present study, an effective coagulation coefficient (K eff ) approach is provided to correct for coagulation losses encountered during experiments for the determination of number emission rate. K eff is expressed as a function of single parameter (β) namely the ratio of the prescribed ventilation rate and measured number concentration in the experiments. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by applying it to few practical cases reported in the literature. The results are further discussed.

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Capillary electrophoresis determinative and GC‐MS confirmatory method for water‐soluble organic acids in airborne particulate matter and vehicle emission

Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska

Aranda-Rodriguez

Graham

2005

J of Separation Science

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Urban fine airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) and vehicle emission samples were studied for water-soluble low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids using CE with indirect UV detection. Further identification of these acids was achieved using GC-MS as their butyl esters (after derivatization with BF3/butanol). Several dicarboxylic acids in the range C2-C10 including straight-chain, branched-chain, cis- and trans-unsaturated, and aromatic acids were confirmed by GC-MS. In addition, aromatic acids such as benzoate, phthalate, terephthalate, isophthalate, and 4-methylphtalate were present in such samples, but some of these were not well resolved by the used CE method. Oxocarboxylic acids (Cn(w) with n > 4) were also identified by GC-MS but not determined by CE due to lack of standards. The rapidity and simplicity of the CE method were clearly demonstrated, and the method was observed to be advantageous for routine monitoring of water-soluble organic acids in airborne PM2.5 and vehicle emission at low microg/L levels.

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Chapter two: methodologies for characterisation of combustion sources and for quantification of their emissions

Cited by 35 publications

References 49 publications

PM2.5 Chemical Source Profiles of Emissions Resulting from Industrial and Domestic Burning Activities in India

PM2.5 Chemical Source Profiles of Emissions Resulting from Industrial and Domestic Burning Activities in India

Effective Coagulation Coefficient Approach for Estimating Particle Number Emission Rates for Strong Emission Sources

Capillary electrophoresis determinative and GC‐MS confirmatory method for water‐soluble organic acids in airborne particulate matter and vehicle emission

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