Chapter Three. 1600-1650

Griffiths, Naomi E. S.

doi:10.3138/9781442632677-006

The Atlantic Region to Confederation 1994

DOI: 10.3138/9781442632677-006

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Chapter Three. 1600-1650

Naomi E. S. Griffiths¹

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2002

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“…Their cartographic record is also more explicit (see Heidenreich 1976;Dawson 1988). Further, the French did not use indigenous labor, unlike the Spanish, and in Acadia they sought to establish cordial, consistent, and collaborative relationships with the Micmac, native foragers of the region (Lescarbot;Ryder 1966;Stewart 1989;Griffiths 1994;Seed, ch.2). The French New World experience can augment our comprehension of matters other than politics, warfare, and missionization in the wake of colonial settlement.…”

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French Wetland Agriculture in Atlantic Canada and Its European Roots: Different Avenues to Historical Diffusion

Butzer

2002

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

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Wetland reclamation, a form of agricultural expansion and intensification, appeared in estuarine environments of northwestern Europe during medieval demographic expansion, prior to the Black Death. It included sea walls, oneway sluice gates, drainage canals, and fields reclaimed from salt marsh. French settlers introduced estuarine reclamation to Atlantic Canada (Acadia) during the early 1600s. This article examines its readaptation in Nova Scotia. Then, for the first time, it traces the roots of this sophisticated technology back to Atlantic Europe, examining reclamation and the changing role of government in France and the Netherlands. A surge of reclamation towards 1600 reflected a new political ecology, with top-down management and intervention in response to strong economic growth. Medieval reclamation technologies in Atlantic Europe differed mainly in terms of competition or collaboration between communities, church institutions, or the aristocracy. That changed after 1600 as power became centralized and new methods and lifeways were enforced from above. This unequal contestation provoked resistance, resignation, or flight. Whereas the technology implemented in Acadia was grounded in medieval practice, few of the founding settlers came from marsh areas, drawing attention to a single possible "prime mover" who directed reclamation in the style of other professional dikemasters of the era. Didactic in purpose, the study examines changing technologies and the role of institutional structures over time and draws attention to the need for a political ecological perspective in historical diffusion studies. It concludes with a synopsis of recent research on reclamation technologies of the Guinea coast and colonial South Carolina, thereby illustrating how material culture can become part of a counternarrative in settings of sociocultural contestation.

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French Wetland Agriculture in Atlantic Canada and Its European Roots: Different Avenues to Historical Diffusion

Butzer

2002

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

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Chapter Three. 1600-1650

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French Wetland Agriculture in Atlantic Canada and Its European Roots: Different Avenues to Historical Diffusion

French Wetland Agriculture in Atlantic Canada and Its European Roots: Different Avenues to Historical Diffusion

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