Chapter III Chemical Analysis of Microbial Cells

Herbert, D.; Phipps, P. J.; Strange, R. E.

doi:10.1016/s0580-9517(08)70641-x

Cited by 1,500 publications

(896 citation statements)

References 248 publications

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“…Sugar uptake was evaluated by monitoring the decrease in the sugar concentration in the liquid phase. The sugar concentration was determined colorimetrically by the phenol-sulfate method (6). Whole-cell polysaccharide content was also estimated by using the phenol-sulfate method after washing with distilled water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Microsphaera multipartita gen. nov., sp. nov., a Polysaccharide-Accumulating Gram-Positive Bacterium from Activated Sludge

Yoshimi¹,

Hiraishi

Nakamura

1996

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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A new gram-positive bacterium was isolated from activated sludge acclimated with sugar-containing synthetic wastewater. This organism, designated strain Y-104T (T = type strain), was a coccus-shaped, aerobic chemoorganotroph that had a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. This strain accumulates large amounts of polysaccharide in its cells. Strain Y-104T has the following chemotaxonomic characteristics: it contains menaquinone MK-8(H4), its DNA G+C content is 67.5 mol%, and it contains meso-diaminopimelic acid. No previously described high-G+ C-content gram-positive coccus contains both MK-8(H4) as a major quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in its cell wall. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rRNA sequences showed that strain Y-104T represents a line of descent distinct from those of previously described species of high-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria and that members of the genus Frankiu are the nearest neighbors. Therefore, we concluded that our isolate should be assigned to a new genus and species, for which we propose the name Microsphueru multipurtita. The type strain is strain Y-104.Activated sludge is a rich source of aerobic chemoorganotrophic bacteria which belong to various taxonomic and phylogenetic groups, and some of these organisms may not have been described yet. The community structure of activated sludge systems varies remarkably in response to the chemical nature of the wastewater and the operational conditions, and bacteria capable of rapid uptake and accumulation of substrates from the wastewater may predominate under substrate-limiting conditions, particularly when substrate addition is intermittent (for example, in batch treatment processes). The fact that activated sludges contain large amounts of reserve materials, such as glycogen, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and polyphosphate, under certain conditions suggests that there are bacterial species that have the ability to accumulate these reserve materials. Our recent study demonstrated that a new polyphosphateaccumulating gram-positive bacterium (22), for which we proposed the name Microlunatus phosphovonis (21), is present in activated sludge showing enhanced phosphate removal.The bacterial composition and capacity for polysaccharide accumulation of activated sludge treating carbohydrate-containing wastewater have been major subjects of study (27)(28)(29)(30)34). Early reports in the literature showed that large coccusshaped gram-positive bacteria constituted significant proportions of the bacterial flora of activated sludge loaded with carbohydrate-rich wastewater (28, 30), although no detailed taxonomic study of these gram-positive cocci was performed thereafter. Activated sludge cultured under batch operational conditions with intermittent addition of substrate containing glucose showed rapid substrate uptake and accumulated substrate as polysaccharide which was later consumed slowly for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein (20). Accordingly, to elucidate the mechanism of selection o...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Microsphaera multipartita gen. nov., sp. nov., a Polysaccharide-Accumulating Gram-Positive Bacterium from Activated Sludge

Yoshimi¹,

Hiraishi

Nakamura

1996

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…For protein and chlorophyll measurements, subsamples were filtered on glass fibre filters (GFF) and stored in a freezer . Protein was analysed with the Lowry method (Herbert et al ., 1971) with bovine serum albumin as standard. Chlorophyll a was estimated spectrophotometrically, after extraction in dimethyl formamide at 664 nm .…”

Section: Sampling Scheme and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal buoyancy changes of Microcystis in an artificially mixed storage reservoir

Visser

Ketelaars²,

Breemen³

et al. 1996

Hydrobiologia

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General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Key words : buoyancy, artificial mixing, aeration, Microcystis, cyanobacteria Abstract In a storage reservoir, which is artificially mixed in order to reduce algal and especially cyanobacterial growth, the cyanobacterium Microcystis is still present . The aim of the research was to investigate why Microcystis was able to grow in the artificially mixed reservoir . From the results it could be concluded that the large shallow area in the reservoir allows this growth . The loss of buoyancy during the day was much higher in this shallow part than in the deep part. Assuming that the loss of buoyancy was the result of a higher carbohydrate content, a higher growth rate in the shallow part may be expected . A higher received light dose by the phytoplankton in the shallow mixed part of the reservoir than in the deep mixed part explains the difference in buoyancy loss . A significant correlation between the received light dose (calculated for homogeneously mixed phytoplankton) and the buoyancy loss was found . Apparently, the Microcystis colonies were entrained in the turbulent flow in both the shallow and the deep part of the reservoir. With a little higher stability on one sampling day, due to the late start of the artificial mixing, the loss of buoyancy at the deep site was higher than on the other days and almost comparable to the loss at the shallow site . Although the vertical biomass distribution and the temperature profiles showed homogeneous mixing, the colonies in the upper layers apparently received a higher light dose than those deeper in the water column . Determination of the buoyancy state of cyanobacteria appeared to be a valuable method to investigate the light history and hence their entrainment in the turbulent flow in the water column .

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“…In order to determine the amount of protein, the Biuret method was employed according to Herbert, Phipps, and Strange. 9 Amino acid analyses were made on lyophilized biomass which had been hydrolyzed in 6N HCI under reflux for 24 h using at least 10 mL acid/mg material. The hydrolysates were evaporated in vacuum and analyzed in an automatic amino acid analyzer, model AAA 881 (Mikrotechna, Prague).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High productivity and good nutritive values of cellulolytic bacteria grown on sugarcane bagasse

Enríquez¹,

Rodríguez²

1983

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Chapter III Chemical Analysis of Microbial Cells

Cited by 1,500 publications

References 248 publications

Isolation and Characterization of Microsphaera multipartita gen. nov., sp. nov., a Polysaccharide-Accumulating Gram-Positive Bacterium from Activated Sludge

Isolation and Characterization of Microsphaera multipartita gen. nov., sp. nov., a Polysaccharide-Accumulating Gram-Positive Bacterium from Activated Sludge

Diurnal buoyancy changes of Microcystis in an artificially mixed storage reservoir

High productivity and good nutritive values of cellulolytic bacteria grown on sugarcane bagasse

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