Chapter Fiveteen Identification, Resolution and Apportionment of Contamination Sources

Tauler, Romà; Paatero, Pentti; Henry, Ronald C.; Spiegelman, Cliff; Park, Eun Sug; Poirot, Richard L.; Viana, Mar; Querol, Xavier; Hopke, Philip K.

doi:10.1016/s1574-101x(08)00615-7

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…where D is the original data array, with I rows (samples) and J columns (compounds);U is the matrix of scores of dimensions I × N, where N is the reduced number of components; V T is the matrix of loadings with dimensions N × J; and E is the matrix of residuals not modeled by the N components. The MCR-ALS method decomposes the data matrix using an alternating least squares algorithm under non-negativity constraint (Tauler et al 2006(Tauler et al , 2009.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result underlines one of the limitations of the applied source apportionment method in a database where the organic tracer compound concentrations show strong collinearities. In the MCR-ALS method that was used here, only the soft constraint of non-negativity was applied and unique component solutions are not guaranteed (Tauler et al 2006(Tauler et al , 2009.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, the multivariate curve resolution-alternating least square (MCR-ALS) method was applied (Tauler 1995). MCR-ALS uses alternating least square optimization under nonnegativity constraints that produces better source/process profiles than PCA and has shown to give results that are equivalent to PMF although it uses other algorithms (Tauler et al 2006). The applied MCR-ALS methodology was successfully used in previous studies on organic tracer compounds in urban atmospheres (Alier et al 2013;van Drooge et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary and secondary organic winter aerosols in Mediterranean cities under different mixing layer conditions (Barcelona and Granada)

Drooge

Garatachea

Reche

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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PM 10 was collected during an EMEP winter campaign of 2017-2018 in two urban background sites in Barcelona (BCN) and Granada (GRA), two Mediterranean cities in the coast and inland, respectively. The concentrations of PM 10 , organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic molecular tracer compounds such as hopanes, anhydro-saccharides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and several biogenic and anthropogenic markers of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) were two times higher in GRA compared to BCN and related to the atmospheric mixing heights in the areas. Multivariate curve resolution (MCR-ALS) source apportionment analysis identified primary emissions sources (traffic + biomass burning) that were responsible for the 50% and 20% of the organic aerosol contributions in Granada and Barcelona, respectively. The contribution of biomass burning was higher in the holidays than in the working days in GRA while all primary combustion emissions decreased in holidays in BCN. The MCR-ALS identified that oxidative species and SOA formation processes contributed to 40% and 80% in Granada and Barcelona, respectively. Aged SOA was dominant in Granada and Barcelona under stagnant atmospheric conditions and in presence of air pollution. On the other hand, fresh SOA contributions from α-pinene oxidation (cis-pinonic acid) were three times higher in Barcelona than Granada and could be related to new particle formation, essentially due to overall cleaner air conditions and elevated air temperatures.Keywords Urban air quality . PM . Organic aerosol . PAH . SOA . Source apportionment Highlights • Wintertime concentrations of air pollution indicators are higher in Granada than Barcelona. • Atmospheric mixing layer height is lower in Granada than Barcelona.• Lower mixing height promotes accumulation of aged secondary aerosol.• Clean air conditions in urban areas promote fresh secondary aerosol formation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary and secondary organic winter aerosols in Mediterranean cities under different mixing layer conditions (Barcelona and Granada)

Drooge

Garatachea

Reche

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…In this approach, matrix factorisation is performed under orthogonal constraints for both g and f. Furthermore, contributions of variables are also normalised and forced to be in the direction of explaining maximum variance [5]. Under such constraints, FA provides unique solutions, and the interpretation of the variance is straightforward because contributions of the variables and sources are orthogonal.…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Receptor models provide a useful means of identifying sources and quantitatively apportioning concentrations to their sources, even when the sources are not reasonably defined. The fundamental principle of receptor modelling is that mass conservation can be assumed, and a mass balance analysis can be used to identify and apportion sources [5]. The basic assumption of these methods is that each of the parameters or chemical concentrations measured in a particular sample is primarily affected by different contributions from independent sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of positive matrix factorisation for the source apportionment of heavy metals in sediments: A comparison with a previous factor analysis study

Pekey

Doğan

2013

Microchemical Journal

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Assessment of seasonal and spatial variations of physicochemical parameters and trace elements along a heavily polluted effluent-dominated stream

Kara

Bayram

et al. 2017

Environ Monit Assess

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This study focuses on a heavily polluted effluent-dominated stream that passes through an industrialized region near Izmir, Turkey. The intermittent creek receives domestic and industrial discharges of Kemalpaşa District Center and its neighborhoods and more than 180 factories of the organized industrial zone. A monitoring campaign was conducted on the creek and samples were taken in two different seasons with distinct hydrological characteristics from 20 stations along the creek to quantify the quality status of water and sediment columns. A number of physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and trace elements were measured by field and laboratory techniques to assess the status of creek's water and sediment quality. The spatial and temporal variations were determined, and statistical tools were used to conduct an environmental forensic overview along the creek. A geo-accumulation index and a modified heavy metal pollution index were calculated to cumulatively assess the quality of sediment and water columns, respectively. The results revealed that the creek was under significant pollution load from the industrial zone where metal processing, food and beverage production, marble and natural stone manufacturing, and paper production are made. In particular, elements such as Co, Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Zr were found to be above the surface water quality standard values. Similarly, B, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Sn were determined to be in extreme levels in the sediment column with values exceeding the probable effect concentrations.

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Chapter Fiveteen Identification, Resolution and Apportionment of Contamination Sources

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Primary and secondary organic winter aerosols in Mediterranean cities under different mixing layer conditions (Barcelona and Granada)

Primary and secondary organic winter aerosols in Mediterranean cities under different mixing layer conditions (Barcelona and Granada)

Application of positive matrix factorisation for the source apportionment of heavy metals in sediments: A comparison with a previous factor analysis study

Assessment of seasonal and spatial variations of physicochemical parameters and trace elements along a heavily polluted effluent-dominated stream

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