Chapter 9 Weathering of inorganic matter in bogs

Roux, Gaël Le; Shotyk, William

doi:10.1016/s0928-2025(06)09009-2

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…There has been an extensive discussion in recent years on the role of mid-to high-latitude peatlands in the context of a rapidly warming Earth, especially with regard to the decarbonation of these ecosystems and subsequent release of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (mostly methane) that could greatly amplify global warming (Le Roux and Shotyk, 2006). While the release of methane by itself does not directly affect terrestrial weathering, there are a variety of soil processes within peatlands which are triggered or amplified by warming and which would have a significant local effect on the chemical dissociation of rocks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of terrestrial weathering changes in multimillennial recovery of the global carbon cycle: a two-dimensional perspective

2017

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Abstract. In this paper, we describe the development and application of a new spatially explicit weathering scheme within the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic ESCM). We integrated a dataset of modern-day lithology with a number of previously devised parameterizations for weathering dependency on temperature, primary productivity, and runoff. We tested the model with simulations of future carbon cycle perturbations, comparing a number of emission scenarios and model versions with each other and with zero-dimensional equivalents of each experiment. Overall, we found that our two-dimensional weathering model versions were more efficient in restoring the carbon cycle to its pre-industrial state following the pulse emissions than their zero-dimensional counterparts; however, in either case the effect of this weathering negative feedback on the global carbon cycle was small on timescales of less than 1000 years. According to model results, the largest contribution to future changes in weathering rates came from the expansion of tropical and mid-latitude vegetation in grid cells dominated by weathering-vulnerable rock types, whereas changes in temperature and river runoff had a more modest direct effect. Our results also confirmed that silicate weathering is the only mechanism that can lead to a full recovery of the carbon cycle to pre-industrial levels on multimillennial timescales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of terrestrial weathering changes in multimillennial recovery of the global carbon cycle: a two-dimensional perspective

2017

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“…Furthermore, burial in peat leads to modification in particle size, disintegration, and dissolution over time (Le Roux and Shotyk 2006). Nevertheless, larger grains point to a local origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the ash from Etang de la Gruère peat bog (Jura Mountains, Switzerland) contains mainly quartz (60–90 %) and opaline silica (30–70 %) with lesser amounts of feldspar (5–15 %) and layered silicates, mainly muscovite (5–15 %) (Steinmann and Shotyk 1997). Mineral contents diminish over time as less resistant minerals are removed by weathering (Bennett et al 1991; Le Roux et al 2006; Le Roux and Shotyk 2006). However, most European bogs, even those in remote sites, show a 3- to 5-fold increase in ash content in subsurface layers relative to deeper sections, giving a characteristic C-shaped ash distribution curve (West et al 1997; MacKenzie et al 1998; Martinez-Cortizas et al 2002; Franzén 2006; Le Roux et al 2006; Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Punning and Alliksaar ( 1997 ) showed that the fly-ash particle distribution curve for the upper part of a peat bog near Tallinn, Estonia, correlates well with the history of fuel consumption and air pollution. Various exotic anthropogenic particles, often containing heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Sn), have been imaged in peats by Rausch et al ( 2005 ), Le Roux and Shotyk ( 2006 ), and Smieja-Król et al ( 2010 ) using scanning electron microscope (SEM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative determination of minerals and anthropogenic particles in some Polish peat occurrences using a novel SEM point-counting method

Smieja-Król

Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł

2014

Environ Monit Assess

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A method is proposed for determining the mineral composition of peat using scanning electron microscope. In an illustrative example, five groups of particles occurring in amounts of >0.05 % are distinguished in peat from Puścizna Mała bog in the Carpathian foreland, Poland. These are spheroidal aluminosilicate particles (SAP), feldspars, nondescript aluminosilicates (mainly clays), silica (quartz and opaline silica), and Fe(hydro)oxides. Two more site-specific groups (barite and ZnS) are distinguished in highly polluted fens (Bagno Bruch and Bagno Mikołeska) near a zinc smelter in Upper Silesia. At Bagno Bruch, peat contents of predominantly authigenic ZnS microspheroids range up to 1.1 %. SAP originating from coal-burning power stations account for maximum concentrations of <21–39 % of the inorganic fraction in the studied mires. SAP concentrations vary with depth, and mean spheroid diameters with distance from emission sources. A distinct feature of SAP is their common enrichment in Ti what questions the use of Ti as a proxy for soil dust in fly ash polluted bogs. As amounts of anthropogenic magnetic spherules, less abundant than SAP in all mires, relate to water table level position, they are unsuitable as tracers of air pollution. The proposed method is recommended for application with peats having ash contents > ~4 %.

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“…In Canada, the largest areas of continuous permafrost peat plateaus are found within the Hudson Bay Lowlands, covering an area of~325,000 km 2 . 1 The structural and functional characteristics of peat plateaus are dependent on the presence of underlying permafrost, which restricts lateral movement of water from surrounding systems. Permafrost helps to maintain a near-surface perched water table that, coupled with low subsurface temperatures proximal to the permafrost table, allows for peat accumulation and carbon (C) storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing season CO₂ exchange and evapotranspiration dynamics among thawing and intact permafrost landforms in the Western Hudson Bay lowlands

Nwaishi

Morison

Huizen

et al. 2020

Permafrost & Periglacial

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Warming conditions across Canada's subarctic and arctic regions are causing permafrost landforms to thaw, resulting in rapid land cover change, including conversion of peat plateaus to wetland and thermokarst. These changes have important implications for northern ecosystems, including shifting controls on carbon uptake and release functions, as well as altering evapotranspiration (ET) rates, which form feedbacks with climatic change. Four landforms (peat plateau, sedge lawn, channel fen, and a thermokarst shoreline collapse scar) in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, northern Manitoba, were instrumented for weekly chamber measurements of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water vapor flux over a summer season (May to September 2014). Relative to other landforms, thermokarst CO 2 exchange was characterized by high respiration rates early in the season, which decreased and were offset later in the season by CO 2 uptake driven by sedge productivity. For all landforms, ET peaked postsnowmelt during rapid active layer thaw, and decreased throughout the growing season, controlled primarily by atmospheric vapor deficits. This work shows distinct differences in CO 2 exchange and ET between intact and thawing permafrost features. While representative of small-scale processes in a single study region over one growing season, the results presented in this study have important implications for our understanding of ecohydrological and biogeochemical functioning of subarctic landscapes under future climates.

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Chapter 9 Weathering of inorganic matter in bogs

Cited by 8 publications

References 67 publications

The importance of terrestrial weathering changes in multimillennial recovery of the global carbon cycle: a two-dimensional perspective

The importance of terrestrial weathering changes in multimillennial recovery of the global carbon cycle: a two-dimensional perspective

Quantitative determination of minerals and anthropogenic particles in some Polish peat occurrences using a novel SEM point-counting method

Growing season CO₂ exchange and evapotranspiration dynamics among thawing and intact permafrost landforms in the Western Hudson Bay lowlands

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Chapter 9 Weathering of inorganic matter in bogs

Cited by 8 publications

References 67 publications

The importance of terrestrial weathering changes in multimillennial recovery of the global carbon cycle: a two-dimensional perspective

The importance of terrestrial weathering changes in multimillennial recovery of the global carbon cycle: a two-dimensional perspective

Quantitative determination of minerals and anthropogenic particles in some Polish peat occurrences using a novel SEM point-counting method

Growing season CO2 exchange and evapotranspiration dynamics among thawing and intact permafrost landforms in the Western Hudson Bay lowlands

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Growing season CO₂ exchange and evapotranspiration dynamics among thawing and intact permafrost landforms in the Western Hudson Bay lowlands