Chapter 9 New findings on secular trends in nutrition and mortality: Some implications for population theory

Fogel, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/s1574-003x(97)80026-8

Cited by 238 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Adult height reflects the accumulated nutritional experience during childhood including the fetal period, and is shown to have considerable predictive power both for morbidity and mortality (see Fogel 1997, Deaton 2007 of the cohorts in our analytical sample. For instance, we find some indication in our data that, also after controlling for cohort trends, children born after March 1933 are slightly taller than older cohorts.…”

Section: Data and Descriptive Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Health – Evidence from Biomarkers

2009

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Using data from the Health Survey for England and the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing, we estimate the causal effect of schooling on health. Identification comes from two nation wide increases in British compulsory school leaving age in 1947 and 1973, respectively. Our study complements earlier studies exploiting compulsory schooling laws as source of exogenous variation in schooling by using biomarkers as measures of health outcomes in addition to self-reported measures. We find a strong positive correlation between education and health, both self-rated and measured by blood fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels. However, we find ambiguous causal effects of schooling on women's self-rated health and insignificant causal effects of schooling on men's self-rated health and biomarker levels in both sexes.

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Section: Data and Descriptive Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Health – Evidence from Biomarkers

2009

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“…Based on direct arguments about the availability of food, Robert Fogel has made complementary arguments about the primacy of nutrition in the process of economic development and growth. 13 So, if medical care has little effect on mortality-although perhaps more on morbidity-then differences in health cannot be explained by differences in access to it.…”

Section: What Causes the Gradient If Not Income?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Implications Of The Gradient Of Health And Wealth

2002

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Men in the United States with family incomes in the top 5 percent of the distribution in 1980 had about 25 percent longer to live than did those in the bottom 5 percent. Proportional increases in income are associated with equal proportional decreases in mortality throughout the income distribution. I discuss possible reasons for this gradient and ask whether it calls for the redistribution of income in the interest of public health. I argue that the existence of the gradient strengthens the case for income redistribution in favor of the poor but that targeting health inequalities would not be sound policy.

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“…In this respect, recent medical research has shown that not only is fetal malnourishment associated with long-run effects on CVD outcomes but that more generally discrepancies between early-life conditions in utero and shortly after birth on the one hand, and later lifestyle on the other hand, lead to long-run effects on CVD outcomes (see, e.g., Holemans et al 2002 andMogren et al 2001; see also Fogel 1997 for an overview). In this sense, our study may also be of importance for modern societies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Being Born Under Adverse Economic Conditions Leads to a Higher Cardiovascular Mortality Rate Later in Life: Evidence Based on Individuals Born at Different Stages of the Business Cycle

2011

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We connect the recent medical and economic literatures on the long-run effects of early-life conditions by analyzing the effects of economic conditions on the individual cardiovascular (CV) mortality rate later in life, using individual data records from the Danish Twin Registry covering births since the 1870s and including the cause of death. To capture exogenous variation of conditions early in life, we use the state of the business cycle around birth. We find significant negative effects of Demography (2011) There is no effect on the cancer-specific mortality rate. From variation within and between monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs born under different conditions, we conclude that the fate of an individual is more strongly determined by genetic and household-environmental factors if early-life conditions are poor. Individual-specific qualities come more to fruition if the starting position in life is better.

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Chapter 9 New findings on secular trends in nutrition and mortality: Some implications for population theory

Cited by 238 publications

References 53 publications

The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Health – Evidence from Biomarkers

The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Health – Evidence from Biomarkers

Policy Implications Of The Gradient Of Health And Wealth

Being Born Under Adverse Economic Conditions Leads to a Higher Cardiovascular Mortality Rate Later in Life: Evidence Based on Individuals Born at Different Stages of the Business Cycle

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