Chapter 9 Neuronal development in human prefrontal cortex in prenatal and postnatal stages

Mrzljak, Ladislav; Hb, Uylings; Cg, van Eden; Judaš, Miloš

doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62681-3

Cited by 215 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…PFC is prominently remodelled during adolescence across a variety of species, with the volume of PFC declining around adolescence not only in humans [197,260,508] but also in rats [565]. Density of spines on pyramidal cells in human PFC declines between adolescence and adulthood [376]. As in other cortical regions (see Section 6.2), substantial synapse elimination of presumed glutaminergic excitatory input occurs during adolescence in PFC of humans [249] and nonhuman primates [608].…”

Section: Alterations In Prefrontal Cortex and Limbic Brain Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations

Spear

2000

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

4,634

108

4,271

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To successfully negotiate the developmental transition between youth and adulthood, adolescents must maneuver this often stressful period while acquiring skills necessary for independence. Certain behavioral features, including age-related increases in social behavior and risk-taking/novelty-seeking, are common among adolescents of diverse mammalian species and may aid in this process. Reduced positive incentive values from stimuli may lead adolescents to pursue new appetitive reinforcers through drug use and other risk-taking behaviors, with their relative insensitivity to drugs supporting comparatively greater per occasion use. Pubertal increases in gonadal hormones are a hallmark of adolescence, although there is little evidence for a simple association of these hormones with behavioral change during adolescence. Prominent developmental transformations are seen in prefrontal cortex and limbic brain regions of adolescents across a variety of species, alterations that include an apparent shift in the balance between mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine systems. Developmental changes in these stressor-sensitive regions, which are critical for attributing incentive salience to drugs and other stimuli, likely contribute to the unique characteristics of adolescence. ᭧

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Section: Alterations In Prefrontal Cortex and Limbic Brain Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations

Spear

2000

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

4,634

108

4,271

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“…5 In animal experiments, it has been shown that this transient fetal circuitry of the subplate zone is functional, 23,24 characterized by endogeneous spontaneous activity and involved in several activity-dependent events such as the formation of ocular dominance columns in the fetal visual cortex. 25,26 As the transient subplate zone is best developed in humans and at the peak of its development is four times thicker than the cortical plate 5 and contains well-differentiated neurons, 4,10,27 it probably has a substantial role in development of cortical circuitry and generation of cortical activity in brains of preterm infants. In addition, experimental data suggest that thalamocortical activity can modulate the early spontaneous activity of transient subplate circuitry.…”

Section: Comparison Of Mri and Histological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged coexistence of transient and permanent circuitry elements in the developing cerebral cortex of fetuses and preterm infants

Kostović

Judaš

2006

Develop Med Child Neuro

135

117

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The aim of this paper is to evaluate correlative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological parameters of development of cortical afferents during pathfinding and target selection in transient fetal cerebral laminas in human fetuses and preterm infants. The transient fetal subplate zone, situated between the fetal white matter (i.e. intermediate zone) and the cortical plate, is the crucial laminar compartment for development of thalamocortical and corticocortical afferents. The prolonged coexistence of transient (endogenously active) and permanent (sensorydriven) circuitry within the transient fetal zones is a salient feature of the fetal and preterm cortex; this transient circuitry is the substrate of cerebral functions in preterm infants. Another transient aspect of organization of developing fibre pathways is the abundance of extracellular matrix and guidance molecules in periventricular crossroads of projection and corticocortical pathways. Both the subplate zone and periventricular crossroads are visible on MRI in vivo and in vitro. Hypoxic-ischaemic lesions of periventricular crossroads are the substrate for motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits after focal periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Lesions of distal portions of the white matter and the subplate zone are the substrate for diffuse PVL. The neuronal elements in transient fetal zones form a developmental potential for plasticity after perinatal cerebral lesions.Our understanding and interpretation of structural and functional consequences of cerebral lesions in human fetuses and preterm infants largely depends on knowledge of neurogenetic cellular events that can be demonstrated by in vivo neuroimaging. A necessary step in this approach is the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological organization during different phases of histogenesis. Namely, in the fetal cerebrum, early neurogenetic cellular events (i.e. proliferation, migration, aggregation, cell death, growth of axons, and the establishment of neuronal connections) proceed according to the specific timetable within transient, histologically recognizable fetal zones which do not have an equivalent in the adult brain. 1 During the last third of gestation, neuronal proliferation and migration are mostly completed 1 whereas the development of axonal pathways 2,3 and the differentiation of cortical neurons 4 become the most prominent neurogenetic events. Synaptogenesis continues as the dominant neurogenetic event during postnatal life. In addition to precise timing, these neurogenetic events also display a characteristic spatial occurrence: neuronal proliferation occurs in the ventricular and subventricular zones, whereas neuronal migration and growth of axons occur predominantly in the intermediate zone (the fetal white matter) and the subplate zone, which is situated between the intermediate zone and the cortical plate. 1 Neuronal differentiation and synaptogenesis begin in the transient subplate zone 5 and continue in the cortical plate. 1,5 Recent research in...

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“…This developmental approach to examining cognitive function may not only extend our understanding of cognitive development, but also our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying these cognitive functions (Casey, 2001). Studies of brain morphology have shown that the LPFC in humans undergoes considerable maturation during early childhood (between the ages of about 2 and 7 years), including a dramatic reduction in neuronal density (Huttenlocher, 1990), a marked expansion in the dendritic trees of pyramidal cells (Mrzlijak, Uylings, van Eden, & Judas, 1990), and an increase in the volume of gray and white matter (Giedd et al, 1999). Therefore, the period from early childhood to school age should be important in the development of the LPFC function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Fractionation of Working Memory and Response Inhibition During Childhood

Tsujimoto

Kuwajima

Sawaguchi

2007

Experimental Psychology

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Abstract. The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) plays a major role in both working memory (WM) and response inhibition (RI), which are fundamental for various cognitive abilities. We explored the relationship between these LPFC functions during childhood development by examining the performance of two groups of children in visuospatial and auditory WM tasks and a go/no-go RI task. In the younger children (59 5-and 6-year-olds), performance on the visuospatial WM task correlated significantly with that in the auditory WM task. Furthermore, accuracy in these tasks correlated significantly with performance on the RI task, particularly in the no-go trials. In contrast, there were no significant correlations among those tasks in older children (92 8-and 9-year-olds). These results suggest that functional neural systems for visuospatial WM, auditory WM, and RI, especially those in the LPFC, become fractionated during childhood, thereby enabling more efficient processing of these critical cognitive functions.

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Chapter 9 Neuronal development in human prefrontal cortex in prenatal and postnatal stages

Cited by 215 publications

References 93 publications

The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations

The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations

Prolonged coexistence of transient and permanent circuitry elements in the developing cerebral cortex of fetuses and preterm infants

Developmental Fractionation of Working Memory and Response Inhibition During Childhood

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