CHAPTER 8: The long-term safe management of rural shit

Myers, Jamie

doi:10.3362/9781780449272.008

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This includes on-site treatment or less frequent emptying options to reduce the vulnerability of the poorest, since provision of regular desludging services might be challenging and economically unviable in these settings [49]. It is reported that, in such areas, due to a lack of affordable emptying services, rural households tend to choose unhygienic manual emptying and dumping without adequate treatment such as flooding out (i.e., intentional release of sludge into the neighborhood during rainy seasons) or even reversion to open defecation [13,40,50,51]. This suggests that, despite lower potential fecal exposure as measured by the density metrics, public health risks are unlikely to be negligible, and further research is needed to better understand current fecal sludge management (FSM) practices and to assess the suitability of options for low-cost FSM in low population density areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, additional analysis indicates that it cannot be assumed that reduction of open defecation practices would always lead to increased emptying practices (Figure S3). Leveraging on-going efforts to eliminate open defecation, inclusion of FSM into national community-led total sanitation (CLTS) monitoring (i.e., post-triggering or post-open defecation free monitoring) could be useful to address this issue from the onset of sanitation program implementation [51] while supporting the poorest with FSM through targeted subsidies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safely Managed On-Site Sanitation: A National Assessment of Sanitation Services and Potential Fecal Exposure in Indonesia

Odagiri

Thomas

Listyasari

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Sustainable Development Goal target 6.2 calls for universal access to adequate and equitable sanitation, setting a more ambitious standard for ‘safely managed sanitation services’. On-site sanitation systems (e.g., septic tanks) are widely used in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the lack of indicators for assessing fecal exposure risks presents a barrier to monitoring safely managed services. Furthermore, geographic diversity and frequency of disasters require a more nuanced approach to risk-informed decision-making. Taking Indonesia as an example, the purpose of this paper is to provide insights into current status and practices for on-site sanitation services in the contexts of LMICs. Using a dataset from a national socio-economic survey (n = 295,155) coupled with village census (n = 83,931), we assessed (1) household sanitation practices across Indonesia stratified by city-level population density and meteorological factors, (2) factors associated with septic tank emptying practice, and (3) inequalities in potential fecal exposure as measured by population density and WASH access by wealth quintile. We found a high reliance on on-site sanitation facilities (80.0%), almost half of which are assumed to be ‘uncontained’ septic tanks and one in ten facilities discharging untreated waste directly into the environment. The most densely populated areas had the highest rates of septic tank emptying, though emptying rates were just 17.0%, while in the lowest population density group, emptying was rarely reported. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated an association between flooding and drought occurrence and septic tank emptying practice. Higher groundwater usage for drinking among poorer households suggests unsafe sanitation may disproportionally affect the poor. Our study underscores the urgent need to strengthen the monitoring of on-site sanitation in LMICs by developing contextualized standards. Furthermore, the inequalities in potential fecal exposure require greater attention and tailored support mechanisms to ensure the poorest gain access to safely managed sanitation services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safely Managed On-Site Sanitation: A National Assessment of Sanitation Services and Potential Fecal Exposure in Indonesia

Odagiri

Thomas

Listyasari

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…However, potential negative public health impacts associated with fecal sludge management of latrines (Myers ) and water and sludge recycling practices include risk of human exposure to waterborne contaminants during transport (Jin et al. ).…”

Section: Synergies and Trade‐offs In The Relationship Of Circular Ecomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, potential negative public health impacts associated with fecal sludge management of latrines (Myers 2016) and water and sludge recycling practices include risk of human exposure to waterborne contaminants during transport (Jin et al 2014). Workers who handle and recycle human feces into fertilizer are at increased risk of becoming ill from waterborne diarrheal and parasitic diseases, which need to be prevented through safety measures so as not to create trade-offs with SDG 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing), in particular Targets 3.3 and 3.9.…”

Section: Sustainable Development Goals Synergies and Trade-offs Relatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relevance of Circular Economy Practices to the Sustainable Development Goals

Schroeder

Anggraeni

Weber

2018

J of Industrial Ecology

1,101

467

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Summary This paper identifies the extent to which circular economy (CE) practices are relevant for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The results of a literature review and a matching exercise to determine the relationship between CE practices and SDG targets show that CE practices, potentially, can contribute directly to achieving a significant number of SDG targets. The strongest relationships exist between CE practices and the targets of SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). The paper also explores synergies that can be created through CE practices among several of the SDG targets. Furthermore, it identifies several potential trade‐offs between targets for decent work, safe working environments, human health and current CE practices relating to recycling of municipal waste, e‐waste and wastewater, and provides suggestions how these can be overcome. The paper concludes that CE practices can be applied as a “toolbox” and specific implementation approaches for achieving a sizeable number of SDG targets. Further empirical research is necessary to determine which specific types of partnerships and means of implementation are required to apply CE practices in the SDG context.

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“…18 Despite the prevailing view of latrine improvement as an intervention that promotes health, it should be kept in mind that latrines could, in fact, play a role in transmitting disease if they are badly constructed. 19 For example, some low-quality latrines taken up after CLTS interventions have sometimes been criticized as involving "fixed point open defecation" by collecting excreta in one place nearer the household but still accessible to animals/ flies. 20 In this regard, achieving the open defecationfree status, as it is generally defined, might end up disseminating fixed-point open defecation practices if CLTS implementers are not cautious about latrine design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Pit Latrines and Their Herd Protection Against Diarrhea: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Rural Ethiopia

Cha,

Jung,

Abera

et al. 2024

Glob Health Sci Pract

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CHAPTER 8: The long-term safe management of rural shit

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Safely Managed On-Site Sanitation: A National Assessment of Sanitation Services and Potential Fecal Exposure in Indonesia

Safely Managed On-Site Sanitation: A National Assessment of Sanitation Services and Potential Fecal Exposure in Indonesia

The Relevance of Circular Economy Practices to the Sustainable Development Goals

Performance of Pit Latrines and Their Herd Protection Against Diarrhea: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Rural Ethiopia

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