Proton-coupled electron
transfer (PCET) underpins energy conversion
in chemistry and biology. Four energy systems are described whose
discoveries are based on PCET: the water splitting chemistry of the
Artificial Leaf, the carbon fixation chemistry of the Bionic Leaf-C,
the nitrogen fixation chemistry of the Bionic Leaf-N and the Coordination
Chemistry Flow Battery (CCFB). Whereas the Artificial Leaf, Bionic
Leaf-C, and Bionic Leaf-N require strong coupling between electron
and proton to reduce energetic barriers to enable high energy efficiencies,
the CCFB requires complete decoupling of the electron and proton so
as to avoid parasitic energy-wasting reactions. The proper design
of PCET in these systems facilitates their implementation in the areas
of (i) centralized large scale grid storage of electricity and (ii)
decentralized energy storage/conversion using only sunlight, air and
any water source to produce fuel and food within a sustainable cycle
for the biogenic elements of C, N and P.