Chapter 8.7 Freshwater Stromatolitic Bioherms in Green Lake, New York

Eggleston, Jane R.; Dean, Walter E.

doi:10.1016/s0070-4571(08)71152-x

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The presence of microbial structures in these Precambrian carbonates suggests that some of the stromatolites are genuine. However, stromatolites occur in Eocene to present-day fresh water sediments [47,48] and the exclusive marine habitat of the Early Precambrian stromatolites was not substantiated. All these clues support the conclusion that the carbonates and associated BIFs precipitated from the same hydrothermal water in the same basin despite the few seemingly-marine affinities.…”

Section: Depositional Setting Of Bif-associated Carbonatesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) and Associated Sediments Do Not Reflect the Physical and Chemical Properties of Early Precambrian Seas

Lewy¹

2012

IJG

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Ring-in-ring structures in Australian Early Precambrian banded iron formation (BIF) were identified as bubbling mud wavelets, which lithified during temporary exposure, contradicting the alleged BIF deep ocean origin. Least altered BIFs consist of alternating chert laminae with, and without iron oxides (or carbonates). They were precipitated during on-and-off periods of ferrous iron oxidation controlled by microbial oxygenic photosynthetic activity during solar illumination, which stopped during darkness as characterizing the Polar Regions, thus forming genuine annual varves. This polar environment is further corroborated by the magnetite-hematite-magnetite microcrystal layers in the iron-rich laminae reflecting mid-spring-summer-autumn changes in solar radiation, and by diamictite at the end of the sequence deposited from melting glaciers when the continental plate shifted to lower latitudes. BIF sequences in various countries comprise evaporates. They attest to intensive evaporation of the warm hydrothermal solution in restricted shallow lakes under the freezing dry climate up to silica (geyserite) precipitation referred to chert. The existence of oceans, midocean-ridges and island arcs during the Early Precambrian results from the misinterpreted oceanic origin of BIFs and the Phanerozoic occurrences of the associated mafic-ultramafic basalt flows (Greenstone Belt).

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Section: Depositional Setting Of Bif-associated Carbonatesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) and Associated Sediments Do Not Reflect the Physical and Chemical Properties of Early Precambrian Seas

Lewy¹

2012

IJG

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“…Most modern stromatolites mainly form at water depths of <10 m (Eggleston and Dean 1976;Link et al 1978;Golubić 1991;Casanova 1991). In addition, some small, delicate stromatolite domes (without ornamentation) can grow in deeper littoral to sublittoral zones (up to 15 m) where low light intensity inhibits higher plant growth.…”

Section: Lacustrine/paludal Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of tufa (cool‐water carbonate) and related terraces in the Antalya area, SW Turkey

Glover

Robertson

2003

Geological Journal

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Extensive tufa deposits covering 600 km 2 of the terraced Plio-Quaternary Antalya coastal plain were deposited from cool karstic spring waters, reaching a total thickness of up to 250 m. The tufa formed within the Aksu Basin, a large N-S-trending halfgraben bordered by the Taurus Mountains. The tufa is exposed on two main levels: an upper terrace at c. 300 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and a lower terrace at 100-200 m a.s.l. An additional terrace is reported to be submerged offshore at À50 to À100 m below sea level. Tufa deposition was preceded by Late Pliocene regression of a shallow sea. Initial tufa deposition occurred in and around small lakes ponded by N-S extensional fault blocks. The tufa was mainly precipitated in shallow lakes, marshes and sluggish streams, resulting in complex facies associations. Radiometric dating of the lower terrace yielded ages of >600 ka (the maximum resolution of the method). A climatically favourable time for maximum tufa formation was 2.0-1.5 Ma (latest Pliocene), representing a prolonged period of cool, but seasonally variable climate. This favoured carbonate dissolution, aquifer recharge and profuse, uninterrupted spring activity. Basin-wide tufa deposition ended when the lakes and marshes shrank. Afterwards mid-Late Quaternary climatic conditions were unsuitable for large-scale tufa deposition. Pre-existing tufa was then eroded, dissolved and karstified, while terra rossa soils formed. Gradual tectonic uplift continued during Quaternary time. Glacio-eustatic sea-level fluctuations during the mid-Quaternary, coupled with localized stream erosion, created the second main terrace, backed by irregular cliffs and promontories. The submarine terrace possibly formed in response to Late Quaternary sea-level fall, followed by post-glacial submergence and sculpting of coastal cliffs. Relatively small volumes of spring water continued to flow at different levels of the terrace system, depositing high-energy tufa in waterfalls, cascades and areas of sloping run-off. This tufa locally forms veneers on escarpments, gorges and cliffs eroded into the pre-existing sub-horizontal lacustrine/paludal tufa.

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“…Actually, none of the Early Precambrian sedimentary successions (including greenstone belts) unequivocally attests to an oceanic setting. Even the assumption of marine salty water is based on microbial mats and stromatolites along Phanerozoic sea-margins, overlooking their occurrence in non-marine aquatic bodies [39]. Stromatolitelike structures could have precipitated non-biologically just as layered travertine structures from hot water [17,40].…”

Section: Sedimentary Chemical and Mineralogicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life on Earth Originated Where Later Microbial Oxygenic Photosynthesis Precipitated Banded Iron Formation, Suppressing Life Diversification for 1.4 Ga

Lewy¹

2013

IJG

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The earliest Precambrian microbial structures appear in successions with banded iron formations (BIF) suggesting genetic relationships. The hypothesis of the deep ocean origin of BIFs associated with Mid-Ocean Ridge (MOR) like features seems to have been recently supported by the discovery of peculiar microbial ecosystems with unique faunal assemblages restricted to these volcanic vents. However, new sedimentological evidence points to the accumulation of varved BIF in huge, very shallow lakes of hydrothermal-water situated on continental plates while passing through the Polar Regions, where UV radiation is minimal. The mineral-rich solutions seeped from numerous fumaroles, providing suitable conditions for chemical reactions between inorganic components, incidentally creating organic-like self-multiplying molecules long before the biologically-initiated BIF deposition. Some of these early chemoautotrophic prokaryotes developed oxygenic photosynthesis during half a year of solar illumination. The released oxygen formed iron oxides and carbonates deposited with amorphous silica (geyserite) in laminae as BIF during 3.8 -1.9 Ga. BIF deposition consumed most of the photosynthetic oxygen for 1.4 billion years. Intensified cyanobacteria oxygenic photosynthesis during 2.4 -2.2 Ga raised the atmospheric oxygen content (Great Oxidation Event) over the Polar Regions, forming an oxygen-ozone shield against UV radiation. It gradually extended to lower latitudes, enabling prokaryotes to leave their ecologically stable habitat and acclimatize in new ecosystems, where they diversified, leading to eukaryote evolution. The 23 1 / 2˚ inclination of Earth's rotation axis differentiated the solar effect on the Polar Regions, which controlled life evolution on Earth, as well as on planet Mars (25˚ inclination), where life probably did not evolve beyond early prokaryotes.

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Chapter 8.7 Freshwater Stromatolitic Bioherms in Green Lake, New York

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) and Associated Sediments Do Not Reflect the Physical and Chemical Properties of Early Precambrian Seas

Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) and Associated Sediments Do Not Reflect the Physical and Chemical Properties of Early Precambrian Seas

Origin of tufa (cool‐water carbonate) and related terraces in the Antalya area, SW Turkey

Life on Earth Originated Where Later Microbial Oxygenic Photosynthesis Precipitated Banded Iron Formation, Suppressing Life Diversification for 1.4 Ga

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