“…Other left-peripheryrelated effects have been also detected as the contribution of 'expletive' subject-like pronouns in various languages. For instance, the Vietnamese expletive nó has been analyzed by Greco et al (2018a;2018b) as contributing speaker-related epistemic specificity, whereas the same marker is analyzed in Dao (2021) as an ego-evidential marker (roughly, indicating the speaker's assessment of a particular situation based on their knowledge and beliefs). Expletive-like pronouns have been observed also to act as cleft-like items linking a predication to a previous discourse (Camacho 2019 for Central Colombian Spanish), exclamative force markers (Remberger, Hinzelin 2009 for Portuguese, Balearic Catalan), complementizers of main clauses (de Clercq, Haegeman 2018; 2021 for the Ghent dialect; van Craenenbroeck 2022 for Belgian Dutch dialects), etc.…”