Chapter 7 Radiological assessment of ocean radioactivity

Hunt, G.J.

doi:10.1016/s1569-4860(05)80008-7

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In part owing to the public's fear of radioactivity, a number of long-standing monitoring efforts have been implemented to track the fate of these materials. These studies are motivated principally by risk assessment efforts to protect the public, and require input from modellers that consider bioaccumulation, hydrodynamics, sediment transport, the physical and chemical properties (including radiological halflives) of specific radionuclides, and the dose-response patterns for distinct types of radionuclides (Hinton 1998;Hunt 2004). Particular attention has been paid to establishing whether sufficiently high concentrations were accumulated in resident organisms (Fowler & Fisher 2004) that could affect the organisms themselves or pose a significant risk for human consumers of seafood from that region (Hunt 2004).…”

Section: Radionuclidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies are motivated principally by risk assessment efforts to protect the public, and require input from modellers that consider bioaccumulation, hydrodynamics, sediment transport, the physical and chemical properties (including radiological halflives) of specific radionuclides, and the dose-response patterns for distinct types of radionuclides (Hinton 1998;Hunt 2004). Particular attention has been paid to establishing whether sufficiently high concentrations were accumulated in resident organisms (Fowler & Fisher 2004) that could affect the organisms themselves or pose a significant risk for human consumers of seafood from that region (Hunt 2004). Similarly, simulation studies by teams that include physical oceanographers, ocean engineers, biogeochemists and risk assessment modellers have been conducted to evaluate the likely impact of radioactive wastes disposed on or under the seabed in different ocean basins (Marietta & Simmons 1988).…”

Section: Radionuclidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modelling studies have been conducted to evaluate the likely radioactive dose to man for each radionuclide of interest based on bioaccumulation studies, seafood consumption patterns among different human populations and oceanographic transport studies that describe the movement of the radionuclides in different 'compartments' of the ocean; risk assessment efforts have then been conducted to evaluate the estimated human health impacts attributable to seafood consumption (Hunt 2004). This kind of interdisciplinary approach has served as a model for other contaminant studies involving the oceans.…”

Section: Radionuclidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interdisciplinary approaches for addressing marine contamination issues

Fisher

Chen

2011

Envir. Conserv.

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SUMMARYDiverse chemical and biological processes in the oceans and atmosphere, the planet's most global domains, determine the fate and effects of marine contaminants and outbreaks of marine nuisance species. Understanding these problems requires the identification of environmental variables that influence ecological and human effects, the ability to predict spatial and temporal occurrences, and development of integrative interdisciplinary and mechanistic models for predicting their occurrences and severity. These endeavours require collaborative efforts of physical, chemical, biological and biomedical scientists working in interdisciplinary teams. There are numerous examples of interdisciplinary research conducted in marine systems on marine contaminants, including those contaminants released from the Earth's crust by human activities, those that are almost exclusively man-made in origin, and those that are biological contaminants often exacerbated by human activities. While interdisciplinary teams of researchers have greatly advanced the study of marine systems in some of these areas, there are still many barriers to interdisciplinary approaches in marine science, including disciplinary biases and institutional structures. A number of mechanisms are recommended that could support and enhance the ability of researchers to conduct interdisciplinary research in marine science, including the establishment of core facilities that can be used to support different teams of collaborating scientists, establishment of appropriate organizational structures, and promotion of seminars and symposia that emphasize interdisciplinary approaches.

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Section: Radionuclidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radionuclidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radionuclidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interdisciplinary approaches for addressing marine contamination issues

Fisher

Chen

2011

Envir. Conserv.

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“…Assessments of radioactivity doses to humans and non-human biota rely on measurement data and model outputs. Models should describe the main radionuclide transport processes within the environment and modelling tools depend on the assessment character, which may be ''predictive", when expected doses are estimated for future release scenarios, or ''retrospective", when doses are estimated for past time sources (Hunt, 2004). The modelling approach can also differ for cases of regular or accidental releases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Pathways for human exposure from releases of radioactivity into the ocean environment (based on Hunt, 2004). The dotted rectangle identifies processes under consideration in this review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine radionuclide transport modelling: Recent developments, problems and challenges

Periáñez

Brovchenko

Duffa

et al. 2019

Environmental Modelling & Software

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The human alimentary tract transfer and body retention of environmental polonium-210

Hunt¹,

Rumney²

2007

J. Radiol. Prot.

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This paper presents the results of a 4 year study to investigate the human alimentary tract transfer factor (f(A) value) and body retention of 210 Po in shellfish. In the first 3 years, mussels (Mytilus edulis L.), cockles (Cerastoderma edule L.) and brown meat from crab (Cancer pagurus L.) were successively studied. In each year five volunteers (from a pool of seven) ate a suitable portion of the shellfish and provided 24 h samples of excreta usually for 3 days before and for at least 7 days during and after eating. Subsamples of shellfish were analysed to determine the intakes of 210 Po. Faeces were analysed and the data used to assess apparent fA values. Urine samples were analysed in the mussel and crab studies to provide urinary excretion parameters. Pb-210 was also analysed during the mussel study; the levels were low, leading to large uncertainties, but confirming the negligible effect of radioactive decay to its granddaughter 210 Po in the main study. In the fourth year, larger samples of brown crab meat were eaten by five volunteers and faecal samples were taken at suitable times over periods of up to 43 days to study body retention of 210 Po. The first approximately 7 days provided additional data on fA values. Pooled results for the apparent fA for the whole study lay in the range 0.15-0.65 with a mean of 0.46; corrections for endogenous excretion suggest a true fA value of approximately 0.51, supporting the value of 0.5 currently used by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The retention data suggest a biological half-time of about 40 days, in broad consistency with the 50 days currently used by the ICRP. Thus there is no strong evidence from this study suggesting a change in dose coefficient for 210 Po. Full experimental data are provided to allow independent further interpretation.

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Chapter 7 Radiological assessment of ocean radioactivity

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Interdisciplinary approaches for addressing marine contamination issues

Interdisciplinary approaches for addressing marine contamination issues

Marine radionuclide transport modelling: Recent developments, problems and challenges

The human alimentary tract transfer and body retention of environmental polonium-210

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